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A great deal of works has been carried out assessing dye-decolorization capabilities of fungi, but only few species were investigated. In this present study, ten fungal species were screened for laccase activity by indicator plate method, of which five species were found to be laccase-positive. Laccase activity varied during growth and maximal laccase activity was observed during the 9 th day, except for Agaricus bisporus. Pleurotus ostreatus gave the highest laccase activities, showing average value around 570 U/L, which were higher than other strains. Addition of 1 mM copper sulphate induced the laccase production efficiently by 60 to 80%, while veratryl and benzyl alcohol induced laccase production in all the laccase positive species except for A. bisporus. Constitutive expression of laccase was observed in F. solani in the presence of copper sulphate. In addition, the extracellular laccase from the P. ostreatus could decolorize reactive dyes, which suggests the potential application of laccase in textile effluent treatment.

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Herein we report that silver nanoparticles supported on commercial diamond nanoparticles functionalized with hydroxyl groups (D3) is a cost-effective heterogeneous catalyst for the decolorization of different synthetic dyes (Methylene Blue, Orange II, Acid Red 1 or Rhodamine B) using H2O2 as oxidant under natural Sunlight irradiation. Importantly, the photocatalytic activity of Ag/D3 is higher than that of analogous catalysts based on Ag NPs supported on graphite or activated carbon and similar to that of costly Au/D3 catalyst or the benchmark Ag/TiO2 material. Ag/D3 stability was established by performing consecutive reuses, without observing either -2 -decrease of the catalytic activity or metal leaching, while particle size increase occurs in a low extent. Productivity tests allow determining a minimum TON for dyes and H2O2 of about 500 and 6,000, respectively.

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A strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KUB29 was identified by 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing (Genbank: MF772779.1). Production of thermostable protease, amylase and lipase were done by the isolated strain. The produced enzymes were partially purified by ammonium precipitation followed by dialysis process. Protease and lipase enzymes are effectively used in bio-oil extraction from proteinaceous sample followed by transesterification to produce methyl ester. Amylase enzyme is widely used in food and laundry industry. The produced enzymes are active at thermophilic condition of 55 °C. Use of these enzymes in biofuel production process will make the process cleaner and greener.