Clinical signs and symptoms identified nearly all patients with significant pneumothoraces. Future prospective investigations may examine reserving chest radiography following chest tube removal for select groups, such as symptomatic patients or those with tenuous cardiovascular status.

Prenatal MRI is highly accurate in defining congenital lung anomalies. When fetal MRI findings suggest a specific diagnosis, postnatal findings confirmed the prenatal MRI diagnosis in 98% of cases.

The search for neuroblastoma lung metastases, which occur more frequently than previously reported, is clinically important because their presence portends a poor prognosis.

Airway narrowing is clearly shown on cross-sectional imaging in patients with persistent airway symptoms after surgical therapy for double aortic arch. Two patterns of airway compression are typically seen: narrowing of the trachea at the level of the postsurgical arch and narrowing of the left main bronchus as a result of compression from a midline descending aorta. Both patterns may be seen in patients regardless of whether the left or the right arch has been ligated.

A diameter of less than 1 cm for the main portal vein is highly specific, although not sensitive, for hepatofugal portal venous flow in patients with cirrhosis. This sign may be useful when sonography is limited, or this sign may prompt sonographic assessment in patients not known to have hepatofugal flow.

Evaluation for extrinsic compression of the airway in children can be accomplished using a low-tube-current multidetector CT protocol; in most pediatric patients, the examination can be performed without sedation.

Both right and left aberrant subclavian arteries can be associated with symptomatic airway compression, but the patterns of compression are different. The airway compression in right aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery is often associated with either Kommerell's diverticulum or midline descending aorta, whereas compression associated with left aortic arch and aberrant right subclavian artery is not.

Focal fatty infiltration of the liver was identified in 9.2% of patients in our population, and occurrence of this lesion in children increases significantly with advancing age. However, focal fatty infiltration of the liver is uncommon in infants and young children and should be a diagnosis of exclusion.