Placenta previa is associated with an increased risk of premature birth, fetal death during intrauterine development, and asphyxia in neonates. Vaginal bleeding that is not unpleasant is one of the telltale signs of placenta previa. It is estimated that 5.2% of pregnancies would be affected by the common obstetric condition known as placenta previa. Sometimes there are no symptoms associated with placenta previa. During the second half of pregnancy, the primary symptom is vaginal bleeding that is brilliant red and completely painless. Moreover, this syndrome can cause excessive bleeding prior to or throughout the labor process. The uterus should have some scars on it as a result of a surgery or procedure that was performed in the past. a previous pregnancy in which you experienced placenta previa is considered to be a risk factor. Having a previous cesarean section (CS), having an abortion, being older than 35 years old, having more than one child, and using assisted reproductive technologies (ART) such in vitro fertilization are all variables that can increase the likelihood of developing placenta previa (IVF). It appears that the risk of placenta previa increases with both the mother's age and the number of previous pregnancies. Despite the fact that research has shown that the association is not consistent at all.

Menarche is the process that takes place when the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis matures. This maturation is dependent on adequate hypothalamic and pituitary function, normal female reproductive anatomy, normal nutrition, and the absence of other long-term disorders. When a woman's reproductive health and overall wellbeing are normal, it is a sign that they are not abnormal. However, the substantial decline in the age at menarche that occurred between the early 19th century and the middle of the 20th century was associated with a significant improvement in nutrition and living conditions brought about by the process of modern civilization. Although genetic factors are responsible for approximately 50–80% of the variation in puberty onset age and milestones, environmental factors also play a role. This article demonstrates that individuals with a poor dietary level reach menarche at a later age. Girls have a greater chance of gaining weight if the foods they consume are high in fat and the nutrients that originate from animal products. It is possible for it to enhance levels of the hormone estrogen, which then supports elevated levels of cholesterol. This cycle continues until the desired effect is achieved.