Abstract-This research was aimed to examine how problem based learning model of instruction related to junior high students' science process skills in physics. The data were taken from eight students of the eight grade selected randomly. To control other variables and to ensure that the problem based learning was the only variable affecting students' process skills. A group was used. This group was initially given a pretest of science process skills. This pretest examined the science process skills of students in identifying problem, formulating a hypothesis, identifying independent, dependent, and control variables, planning an experiment, performing the experiment, analyzing data, and making conclusion. This group was then given problem based learning of instruction using the topic of force; and eventually was given a posttest concerning those students' science process skills. A paired test used to analyze the data showing that the problem based learning instruction increased significantly and affected the students' science process skills.
Whole body vibration is vibration that propagates throughout the worker's body from vibration sources in the form of machines, vehicles, and so on. In this paper it is reported the results of research to determine the total value of vibration acceleration on several drivers of the public transport in Samarinda and to analyze the comfort level of the drivers receiving the vibration on their bodies. The components of the vibration acceleration were measured by using a vibration meter type of Svantex 106. The comfort level of the driver in receiving the vibration was assosiated with the scale of comfortable level set by the Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia by decree number PER.13/MEN/X/2011. The research found that the average of the total value of vibration acceleration received by the drivers in A, B, and C transportations were 0.3877 m/s2 , 0.7056 m/s2 dan 0.6596 m/s2 , respectively. In Samarinda the drivers in B and C transportations were more uncomfortable to receive the whole body vibration than the drivers in C transportation.
The activity of lifting weights has many risks that can lead to complaints and work accidents such as mistakes in lifting excessive loads, overly bent postures, and other complaints that result in uncomfortable working conditions. This research was conducted to determine the risk level of work posture using the REBA method and biomechanics in lifting weights with different lifting variables. The research were took documentation data, angle and distance measurements by using the Kinovea application, and the data analyzed by using the REBA Assessment Worksheet and biomechanical equations. Based on the results obtained, the activity of lifting burdens on workers from the aspect of the REBA method mostly has a high level of risk category and only 1 worker has a moderate level of risk category. Meanwhile, from the biomechanics aspect, most of them have a risk level in the careful category, 1 worker has a risk level in the safe category, and 1 worker who has lifted a load of 50 kg has a risk level in the dangerous category.
Abstract Noise is unwanted sound that can cause health problems and environmental comfort at a certain level and time. Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NHL) is a type of sensorineural hearing loss caused by exposure to sufficient/loud noise over a long period of time. This study was conducted to determine the effect of noise on the hearing of workers working in the Ground Handling area of Samarinda airport, to determine the noise level received by workers in the Airport Ground Handling Area, and to know the importance of using PPE on the hearing of workers while doing work. The noise measurement method is measuring at predetermined points using a Sound Level Meter. Then, it was continued by measuring the hearing level of workers in a soundproof room alternately using audiometry, then a correlation test was carried out to determine the relationship between the two variables, namely noise and the hearing level of workers. Based on the results of the study, it is known from the results of the average hearing that has been correlated with total noise exposure in the work area, it can be seen that the hearing level of workers is decreasing over time, this is due to the amount of noise exposure received by workers during work activities.
Cotton fabric is a comfortable clothing material to wear in tropical climates. In addition to the comfort aspect, cotton cloth is expected to be able to protect the skin from the dangers of sun exposure. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the optimum amount of protection produced by cotton cloth, determining the type and color of cotton cloth that is most effectively used as a protector, and knowing the SPF (sun protection factor) value category based on the type and color of cotton cloth. This study used three types of cotton cloth, each consisting of four colors, as well as a Digital Environment Multimeter which was used to measure the intensity of sunlight in units of lux. The protection value is obtained by comparing the intensity of sunlight without a cotton cloth protector (lux) with the intensity of sunlight using a cotton cloth protector (lux). The results obtained show that the most optimum protection value is found in black toyobo cotton cloth with an SPF value of 54.4 and a transmittance of 1.8%. The cotton fabrics that provided the most effective protection based on type and color were black and blue toyobo, medina and Japanese cotton fabrics. Based on the SPF value obtained, it can be seen that black and blue toyobo cotton fabrics, and black madinah cotton fabrics have a very good protection category. The black and blue Japanese cotton fabrics, as well as the blue medina type, have a good protection category, while the orange Toyobo cotton fabrics have a sufficient protection category.
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