At present the pineapple plant is widely cultivated in some regions of Indonesia. Nevertheless the plantation of pineapple plants are commonly utilised only for fruit. This paper aim to represent the another benefit of pineaple plants which can be utilised their abundant pineaple leafs to be used for the textile material, known as pineapple leaf fibres. This subject consist of a review of investigation carried out on the method of making pineapple leaf fibres such as decortication and degumming pocesses, some properties of pineapple leaf fibres, and their appropriateness for manufacturing of textiles as yarns or fabrics. An relation of the possible use of pineapple leaf fibres as related products is also given.
Abstract. The removal of reactive dyes on modified coal fly ash has been investigated during a series of batch adsorption experiments. Physical characteristics of modified coal fly ash was characterized by Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) surface area analysis, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The effects of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration (50-200 mg/L), solution pH (4-10) and adsorbent dosage (50-200 mg/L) were studied. The adsorption experiments indicated that modified coal fly ash was effective in removing of Remazol Blue. The percentage removal of dyes increased while the modified fly ash dosage increased. The percentage removal of dyes increased with decreased initial concentration of the dye and also increased with amount of adsorbent used. The optimum of removal of dyes was found to be 94% at initial dye concentration 50 g/mL, modified fly ash dosage 250 g/mL, and pH of 2.0.
It has been known that some industrial liquid wastes usually contain a variety of heavy metals such as Cd (Cadmium), Pb (Lead), Ni (Nickel), Cr (Chromium), As (Arsenic), Cu (Copper), and Fe (Iron). If these liquid wastes are not managed properly, it will damage the water environment, especially the water body like rivers and lakes. Various methods have been applied to remove heavy metals from these liquid wastes, such as precipitation, ion exchange, membrane processes, adsorption, coagulation, and flotation. One common method that can be applied to manage waste that contain heavy metals is an adsorption method. Recently, it has been a trend to use biomass based adsorbent or usually called by bio-adsorbent. In this research bio-adsorbent has been prepared from cassava stem pith powder. This research was conducted to study the capability of bio-adsorbent made of cassava stem pith powder to adsorb Pb2 + metal ions. Several variables have been used during the adsorption test, which are pH condition (3, 4, 5), adsorption time (10, 20, 50, 120 mins), and initial concentrations (5, 10, 20 mg/L). The adsorption process involving functional groups contained in the adsorbent so that there will be interactions between the adsorbents with Pb2+ metal ions. The sample characterization was carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) apparatus. The adsorption test results showed that the optimum conditions for Pb2+ adsorption by the bio-adsorbent occured at pH = 3, adsorption time of 120 minutes, and initial concentration of 5 mg/L, in which the capacity was about 2.525 mg/g with the percent removal (R%) of 88.88%.
In this study, biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of a local banana peel (variant name: Raja) as bio-reductor was carried out. This study aimed to determine the effect of two different ratios of Banana Peel Extract (BPE)/distilled water on the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The two of BPE/water ratios were 1% (v/v) and 5%(v/v), named as Sample A and Sample B, respectively. Whereas, the concentrations of AgNO3 solution as the precursor were varied as follows: 0.125; 0.1; 0.075; and 0.05 M. The synthesized colloidal silver nanoparticles were characterized using a UV-Vis spectrometer, while the BPE solution was analyzed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) to study its functional groups. While, the solid silver nanoparticles was characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with an Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The UV-Vis spectrometer results qualitatively showed that sample A produced better silver nanoparticles than that of sample B. All samples showed absorbance peaks at wavelength of 450 nm. It was found that the highest absorbance value (i.e. 1.59) occurred at sample A with a concentration of AgNO3 solution 0.1 M. Additionally, FT-IR analysis result showed the presence of a hydroxyl group specifically for alcohols as phenols, which indicated the possibility of polyphenol compounds. The SEM micrograph showed that some of the silver nanoparticles were in the shape of tetrahedron or triangular like particle and spherical The SEM image analysis results using ImageJ software showed that most of the silver nanoparticles produced had the size of 100-300 nm. Furthermore, the EDX analysis result showed a peak count at 3 keV, which confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles.
The tofu industries in Indonesia produce a considerable amount of liquid waste. Most of these tofu industries do not treat waste properly. Liquid waste is channeled directly to the nearest water stream, and thus the values of COD, BOD and TSS are considerably high, which can damage the aquatic ecosystems. According to the Indonesian government rule (Permen LH no.5/2014), the maximum levels of COD, BOD and TSS are 300 mg/L, 150 mg/L, and 200 mg/L. One of alternative methods to reduce these three parameters is the ozonation method. Ozone is able to break down organic components well because of its strong oxidative properties (2.07 mV) and it can decompose into OH radicals which have stronger oxidative properties (2.80 mV). The objectives of this study are to reduce the levels of COD, BOD and TSS of tofu liquid waste into below of the maximum level set by the Indonesian government rule and to study the effect of pH conditions on the effectiveness of ozonation process. Ozonation is carried out under conditions at acidic pH, alkaline pH, and neutral pH, and with a waste concentration of 10%. Ozonation is done by flowing ozone directly into the waste for 120 minutes with an interval of 30 minutes. The levels of BOD, COD, and TSS before ozonation were 1,200 mg/L, 880 mg/L and 600 mg/L. After ozonation, it was found that the levels of COD, BOD and TSS of the waste without any pre-treatment (or acidic condition) was able to be reduced by 46.6%, 44.5% and 41.6%, respectively. Whereas, in neutral conditions the decreases of COD, BOD, and TSS were about 64.3%, 67.0%, and 62.4%, respectively. Optimum ozonation was found in alkaline conditions with the decreases in COD, BOD, and TSS values were about 85.4%, 84%, and 100%, respectively.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.