Removal of Lead (Pb²⁺) from Aqueous Solution Using Bio-Adsorbent Prepared from Cassava Stem Pith

Abstract

It has been known that some industrial liquid wastes usually contain a variety of heavy metals such as Cd (Cadmium), Pb (Lead), Ni (Nickel), Cr (Chromium), As (Arsenic), Cu (Copper), and Fe (Iron). If these liquid wastes are not managed properly, it will damage the water environment, especially the water body like rivers and lakes. Various methods have been applied to remove heavy metals from these liquid wastes, such as precipitation, ion exchange, membrane processes, adsorption, coagulation, and flotation. One common method that can be applied to manage waste that contain heavy metals is an adsorption method. Recently, it has been a trend to use biomass based adsorbent or usually called by bio-adsorbent. In this research bio-adsorbent has been prepared from cassava stem pith powder. This research was conducted to study the capability of bio-adsorbent made of cassava stem pith powder to adsorb Pb2 + metal ions. Several variables have been used during the adsorption test, which are pH condition (3, 4, 5), adsorption time (10, 20, 50, 120 mins), and initial concentrations (5, 10, 20 mg/L). The adsorption process involving functional groups contained in the adsorbent so that there will be interactions between the adsorbents with Pb2+ metal ions. The sample characterization was carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) apparatus. The adsorption test results showed that the optimum conditions for Pb2+ adsorption by the bio-adsorbent occured at pH = 3, adsorption time of 120 minutes, and initial concentration of 5 mg/L, in which the capacity was about 2.525 mg/g with the percent removal (R%) of 88.88%.

Effect of pH and Contact Time on the Adsorption of Pb(II) by <i>Kapok</i> Wood (<i>Ceiba pentandra</i>) Sawdust Based Biosorbent

“…Additionally, as seen in the figure, Adsorbent A had the highest adsorption capacity of 4.83 mg/g and percentage removal of 96.6%. This values of adsorption capacity and percentage removal of Pb(II) solution was comparable or even better than other plant based biosorbent reported by other research studies, such as Meranti wood sawdust based biosorbent [19], cassava stem pith biosorbent [20], jackfruit wood sawdust biosorbent [21], corn cob and petai hull biosorbent [22].…”

“…Tasar et al studied the biosorption of Pb(II) from aqueous solution using biosorbent made from peanut shells [3]. Tintin et al investigate the potential use of cassava stem pith as biosorbent to remove lead (Pb(II)) from aqueous solution [11]. Putri et al studied the use of corncob and petai hull as an alternatively new biosorbent for removal of lead (Pb(II)) waste from aqueous solution [12].…”

Utilization of Ketapang Seed Shells in Reducing Pb(NO₃)₂ Metal Levels by Adsorption Process

“…Lead in the elemental arrangement is a heavy metal that occurs naturally in the earth's crust [16]. Lead metal is a type of heavy metal that is usually contained in industrial wastewater and can cause serious problems because of its toxic nature [17], so it is categorized as a heavy metal that has the highest affinity [18]. Lead metal is more widespread than most other toxic metals [14], so it is very dangerous if it enters the human body.…”

A Review on Cassava Residues as Adsorbents for Removal of Organic and Inorganic Contaminants in Water and Wastewater

“…In the literature, various parts of cassava are reported to be adsorbents used in the removal of heavy metals, for example, zinc ( [10][11][12][13]), copper ([11, 13-21]), lead ( [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]), cobalt ( [29,30]), vanadium [30], chromium ([13, 17, 30, 31]), and cadmium ( [12,15,[32][33][34]), dyes such as rhodamine B [35], direct red [36], methylene blue ( [36][37][38][39][40]), methyl orange [40], and reactive dyes [41], antibiotics ([22, 42-44]), phosphorous [45], biodiesel purifcation [46], organic pollutants from industrial efuents ( [29,47,48]), and free fatty acid [49]. In addition, ZnO nanoparticles synthesized from cassava starch are used as adsorbents [50].…”