This review chronicles the exploration of the curcumin in terms of development of analogues for the anticancer activity over the last century. Curcumin is a natural phytochemical obtained from dried root and rhizome of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa). It has been shown to interfere with multiple cell signaling pathways, including apoptosis (activation of caspases and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene products), proliferation (HER-2, EGFR, and AP-1), angiogenesis (VEGF), and inflammation (NF-kappaB, TNF, IL-6, IL-1, COX-2, and 5-LOX). In the last decade it has been much explored and various synthetic analogues have been prepared and evaluated for various pharmacological activities. Most of the analogues have shown very good anticancer activity in various models and various cell lines. However, some analogues have also shown antioxidant, anti-HIV, antimutagenic, antiangiogenic, antimalarial, antitubercular, antiandrogenic, COX inhibitory activities. Few analogues have shown very potent results and may be considered as clinical candidates for the development of future anticancer agent. This review contains 728 curcumin analogues and covers the literature from 1815 to mid 2009 and 93 references are cited.

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Developing stable Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines for biotherapeutics is an irreversible process and therefore, key quality attributes, such as sequence variants, must be closely monitored during cell line development (CLD) to avoid delay in the developmental timeline, and more importantly, to assure product safety and efficacy. Sequence variants, defined as unintended amino acid substitution in recombinant protein primary structure, result from alteration at either the DNA or the protein level. Here, for the first time, we report the application of transcriptome sequencing (RNAseq) in an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) CLD campaign to detect, identify, and eliminate cell lines containing low-level point mutations in recombinant coding sequence. Among the top eleven mAb producers chosen from transfectant, clone or subclone stages, three of the cell lines contained either missense or nonsense point mutations at a low level of less than 2%. Subsequent LC/MS/MS characterization detected ∼3% sequence variants with an amino acid change from Ser to Leu at residue 117 in the heavy chain of transfectants 11 and 27. This substitution is consistent with the RNAseq finding of a C/T mutation located at 407 base pair (TCA→TTA) in the heavy chain coding sequence. Here we demonstrate that RNAseq is a rapid and highly sensitive method to identify low-level genetic mutation de novo corresponding to the amino acid substitution that elicits sequence variant(s). Its implementation in CLD constitutes an early and effective step in identifying desired CHO expression cell lines.

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Background Plants are the repository of variable number of valuable secondary metabolites that bears pharmacognostic and pharmacological implications having potentiality to emerge as super drugs in future. In-vivo production of these metabolites is influenced by the biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in continuous accumulation of diverse phytochemicals and their derivatives that can be useful in designing and developing potential drugs for future. The aim of the present study is to review the existence of medicinally important secondary metabolites and possible pharmacological and pharmacognostic importance of under-explored weed plant species Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit., to explore the potentiality of the plant for developing and designing the drugs for future. Main body of the abstract Hyptis suaveolens belonging to family Lamiaceae is the rich source of medicinally important phytochemicals like essential oils, tannins, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and sterols. One or many of these compounds have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, anti-septic, anti-cancer, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anti-diabetic, anti-fertility, diaphoretics, anticutaneous, anticatarrhal, antirheumatic, anti-ulcer, gastroprotective, immunomodulatory, analgesic, and antiviral activity. Short conclusion Hyptis suaveolens contains unique terpenoid metabolites like suaveolic acid, suaveolol, methyl suaveolate, beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and phenolic compound like rosamarinic acid, methyl rosamarinate that have potentiality to substitute the traditional drugs as therapeutic agent against the resistant and newly emerged bacterial and viral pathogens. Pentacyclic triterpenoid, ursolic acid have been reported to have effective antiviral response against the SARS-CoV2 responsible for the present COVID-19 pandemic and HIV virus for which no effective vaccines are available till date. Ursolic acid has the ability to modulate the activity of main protease (Mpro) that is essential for processing of SARS-CoV2 replicase-transcriptase machinery needed for viral replication and particle assembly.

Several meso-scale manganese ore bodies, scattered within Jone's horse-shoe shaped synclinorium, in Bonai-Keonjhar region of north Orissa are well known in the mineral map of India. Different grades of manganese ores are being exploited from this region by various agencies over a few decades. However, deceptive nature of ore bodies and complexity in control of mineralisation greatly confuse the exploration geologists for evaluation of these resources.In a recent study, the authors have classified Mn-ore bodies of this region into three broad categories such as stratiform, stratabound (-replacement) and lateritoid types based on mode of occurrence and their other chemical characteristics. Mn-ore bands occur in close association with BIF and iron ores. Volcaniclastic shale in large geographic extension encloses these ore bodies.In the stratiform category of ore bodies (BMnF, analogous of BIF), manganese and shale bands, in variables thickness, alternate with each other and extend to a great depth. Such ore bodies generally constitute marginal to low-grade ores, are characterised by low Mn/Fe ratio (~2) and have relatively lower abundance of trace (1500 to 2500 ppm) and relatively higher REE constituents. The stratabound-replacement types of ore bodies are of intra-stratal nature, occurring within tuffaceous shale. These are mostly shear-controlled ore bodies extending along a zone of certain width. Increase in average Mn/Fe ratio (~6) and trace content (5000 to 8500 ppm) by 5 to 2.5 order of magnitude respectively or more above stratiform category are characteristic of these deposits. The lateritoid ore bodies have limited depth persistency. Such deposits are usually very low in Mn/Fe ratio (<1), trace (<2000 ppm) and REE contents.Different methods of exploration techniques are suggested for various categories of Mn-ore bodies. In this context, the above findings would be the database for the exploration geologists to evaluate the potential of newer/existing Mn-ore resources in this part of north Orissa.