Every organism is constantly adapting to changes happening in the environment. This adaptation helps in maintaining homeostasis. All organisms must adapt at molecular, cellular, physiological, and behavioral levels. Amongst many factors which act as a threat to homeostasis, one of them is stress. The organism has to bring about both physiological and behavioral changes. The various researches in recent years have shown that adverse life events, along with chronic stress, and depression leads to increased likelihood of relapse in patients with quiescent IBD. Many studies of experimental stress in animal models of colitis support this. Till date, the therapeutic successes of stress reduction therapies have not been explored largely. This is also due to methodological difficulties in going ahead with such studies. This paper tries to explore the recent researches in enhancing our understanding of the pathogenic role played by psychological stress in inflammatory bowel disease and focuses our attention on the need for controlled studies on the curative prospective of stress reduction therapies for IBD.
Introduction: Zn supplementation improved glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity and decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels in diabetic rats, revealing Zn's defensive effect against oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes. The investigators have discovered that consuming Zn increased liver function and protected pancreatic tissue from damage caused by diabetes. Since Zn also prevents chronic hyperglycemia, it helps to minimize oxidative stress caused by type 2 diabetes. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem that affects more than 3 million people worldwide (16% of population). Chronic hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in diabetic patients by the development of free radicals (oxidants) and lowering the antioxidant protection mechanism. Aim: Glycaemic Regulation with Zinc Combination in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: Faculty of Medicine and Diabetic Opd, Datta Meghe Mediсаl Соllege and Shаlinitаi Meghe Hоsрitаl аnd Reseаrсh Сenter, Nаgрur in соllаbоrаtion with Dаttа Meghe Institute оf Mediсаl Sсienсes Deemed to be University, Sаwаngi, Wаrdhа, Mаhаrаshtrа. Results: The mean Zn level was 12.213±2.342in all participants and 9.121±1.782 in the control group, whereas it was significantly low (9.121±1.782) in the diabetic group, and there was statistically significant difference in Zn levels between the controls and the diabetic group (P < 0.001).FBS, HbA1C, serum Zinc mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001). Conclusion: Our findings show that people with diabetes have lower levels of Zn than healthy people. The cause and effect of the association between very low levels of Zn and the progression of diabetes, or diabetes that causes Zn deficiency, is still unknown. Low levels of Zn are associated with poor glycemic control, and poor glycemic control is a good indication of Zn deficiency, as there was a negative association between serum Zn and FBS and HBA1C. If diabetic patients have low glycemic regulation, a long history of diabetes, obesity, or are over the age of 50, we look to assess their levels in Zn so that Zn alternative treatment can begin to release oxidative stress in this high-risk group.
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that is greatly exacerbated by a complete lack of insulin or insulin resistance. The pancreas is a multicellular organ, the exocrine half accounting for 84% of its volume and the endocrine half accounting for only 2%. Since these two parts of the world have a close relationship with structure and function, the disruption of one can affect the other. Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) represents the glycemic status of the patient over the previous three months. Evidence suggests that pancreatic endocrine hormones, especially insulin, affect pancreatic exocrine function. Insulin has a detrimental effect on exocrine acinar cells. Exocrine acinar cells attached to it contain a variety of enzymes, including amylase and lipase, which help digest certain food particles. Aim: Study of serum pancreatic amylase and lipase enzyme in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the Department of Biochemistry, dept. of medicine and Diabetic OPD, Datta Meghe Medical College and Shalinitai Meghe Hospital and Research Centre, Nagpur. For this study 40 diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients of both sexes with age ranging 35-60 years were selected as study group. Results: FBS, HbA1C, serum pancreatic amylase, and lipase mean effects between control and patients showed statistically significant differences in type 2 diabetes mellitus (P <0.0001). Conclusion: We concluded that pancreatic amylase and lipase function are impaired in type 2 patients with diabetes, and this observation is particularly important in type 2 diabetes. It has been suggested that the analysis of pancreatic enzymes in diabetic patients may be a useful parameter in determining the progression of the disease.
Cavitary lung lesions have a specific array of differential diagnosis. Among rare causes is mucormycosis that should not be overlooked. A high index of suspicion is necessary for a correct diagnosis and aggressive management. It usually occurs in immunosupressed patients. It is a life-threatening, rapidly progressive, and angioinvasive fungal infection. We present a case of pulmonary mucormycosis presenting as a cavity in an immunocompetent middle aged male.
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