The whispering gallery mode (WGM) is generated by light propagating within a nonlinear micro-ring resonator, which is modeled and made by an InGaAsP/InP material, and called a Panda ring resonator. An imaging probe can also be formed by the micro-conjugate mirror function for the appropriate Panda ring parameter control. The 3D WGM probe can be generated and used for a 3D sensor head and imaging probe. The analytical details and simulation results are given, in which the simulation results are obtained by using the MATLAB and Optiwave programs. From the obtained results, such a design system can be configured to be a thin-film sensor system that can contact the sample surface for the required measurements The outputs of the system are in the form of a WGM beam, in which the 3D WGM probe is also available with the micro-conjugate mirror function. Such a 3D probe can penetrate into the blood vessel and content, from which the time delay among those probes can be detected and measured, and where finally the blood flow rate can be calculated and the blood content 3D image can also be seen and used for medical diagnosis. The tested results have shown that the blood flow rate of 0.72-1.11  μs^-1, with the blood density of 1060  kgm^-3, can be obtained.

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A single eye three‐dimensional (3D) imaging perception using a single 3D imaging pixel is designed and manipulated, which is the interesting device configuration that can be used for various applications. The device configuration is consisted of double conjugate mirrors that can be vertically fabricated, which can be used to form the 3D image using a single pixel configuration, from which the large area device construction is also possible. By adjusting the microconjugate mirror parameters, then the matching between both microconjugate mirrors can lead to obtain the required 3D images. Results obtained have shown that the 3D image outputs can be achieved and used for 3D pixel imaging. The 3D image output can be confirmed by the four‐wave mixing output balancing profile, which is achieved. In applications, the large area 3D images can be constructed using the large area 3D imaging device, from which the large area can be coverage by the microconjugate mirror array, which can be useful for various applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1802–1805, 2015

In this review article, the artificial vision model using the 3 cascaded conjugate mirrors system can be constructed, analyzed and simulated. A single 3D pixel (point) imaging construction is formed and obtained by using the conjugate mirror concept, where the large area of pixels can be potentially constructed and realized for large area application. This is a simulation work, where the software program is the finite difference time domain (FDTD) commercial program (Opti-wave). However, the used device parameters and materials can be fabricated and formed the artificial eyes for 3D artificial vision. Simulation result obtained has shown that the whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of radiation within the cascaded microring conjugate mirrors can be easily formed, and are coupled by the two nonlinear side rings, which can be potentially used for 3D imaging pixel construction applications by the two eyes construction model.

This work presents an optical switching model that the tweezer probe uses for manually switching the controlled by an external switch, in which the upward and downward switching can be operated and simultaneously switched. By using the microring resonator incorporated with the two non-linear phase modulators, the optical tweezer can be generated and the switching probes controlled. The switching time with the table force of ∼2 fs is obtained. The tweezer force and torque are calculated and interpreted for molecule trapping and injecting from and to the trapping and the target surfaces. The relative forces and torques are calculated and plotted. In applications, the specific forces and torques can be controlled to perform the appropriate trapping and injecting. The switching time depends on the external switching module, which may be electronically controlled.

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