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Dual wideband operation of a notched CPW-fed pentagonal monopole antenna with experimental and numerical results has been presented. By means of embedding notches to the ground and the pentagonal radiating patch, enhancement of impedance bandwidth for the antenna can be achieved, while also reduces the required antenna size. The antenna is simple for fabrication and easy integration with the system circuit that it is a good candidate for applications in wireless communication systems.

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of left-handed metamaterials using the FDTD method with spatial averaging at the boundaries, J Opt A Pure Appl Opt 9 (2007), 468 -475. 9.

A conventional Michelson interferometer is modified and used to form the various types of interferometers. The basic system consists of a conventional Michelson interferometer with silicon-graphene-gold embedded between layers on the ports. When light from the monochromatic source is input into the system via the input port (silicon waveguide), the change in optical path difference (OPD) of light traveling in the stacked layers introduces the change in the optical phase, which affects to the electron mean free path within the gold layer, induces the change in the overall electron mobility can be seen by the interferometer output visibility. Further plasmonic waves are introduced on the graphene thin film and the electron mobility occurred within the gold layer, in which the light-electron energy conversion in terms of the electron mobility can be observed, the gold layer length is 100 nm. The measurement resolution in terms of the OPD of 50 nm is achieved. In applications, the outputs of the drop port device of the modified Michelson interferometer can be arranged by the different detectors, where the polarized light outputs, the photon outputs, the electron spin outputs can be obtained by the interference fringe visibility, mobility visibility and the spin up-down splitting output energies. The modified Michelson interferometer theory and the detection schemes are given in details.

An electron mobility enhancement is the very important phenomenon of an electron in the electronic device, where the high electronic device performance has the good electron mobility, which is obtained by the overall electron drift velocity in the electronic material driven potential difference. The increase in electron mobility by the injected high group velocity pulse is proposed in this article. By using light pulse input into the nonlinear microring resonator, light pulse group velocity can be tuned and increased, from which the required output group velocity can be obtained, which can be used to drive electron within the plasmonic waveguide, where eventually, the relative electron mobility can be obtained, the increasing in the electron mobility after adding up by the driven optical fields can be connected to the external electronic devices and circuits, which can be useful for many applications.