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Background: Bone tumors are one of the intimidate challenge to the orthopedic surgeon. This call out for even more concern in resource poor settings, in economically developing nations. We analysed bone tumours and tumour like lesions, their demographic features like age and sex distributions, anatomical sites of occurrence and their relative frequencies,clinico-pathological characteristics and histo-morphological features as seen in a tertiary care hospital of India.Methods: This is a retrospective study of 10 years in our department, of 216 cases of bone tumors, including primary bone tumors, metastatic lesions and tumor like lesions.Results: A total of 216 patients were studied aged 1 to 80 years. 114 (52.78%) patients were males and 102(47.22%) were females. Commonest bone tumor observed in our study was metastatic tumors 40/216 cases (18.52%).Commonest benign tumor in our study was osteochondroma 30/103 cases (29.13%) followed by giant cell tumor 27/103 cases (26.21 %). Commonest Primary malignant bone tumor in our study was Ewing's tumor 11/48 cases (22.92%), followed by osteogenic sarcoma and myeloma 9 cases (18.75%) each. Fibrous dysplasia was seen to be commonly located at jaw bone and skull region 6/13 cases (46.15%) whereas aneurysmal bone cyst was located commonly at vertebra 6/10 cases (60%). Out of 40 cases of metastatic bone tumors, 15 cases (37.5%) showed metastasis from lung carcinoma, of which, non-small cell carcinoma made up of 80 % of the cases. Conclusion:Metastatic lesion is commonest bone tumor in our study. Commonest benign tumor was osteochondroma and giant cell tumor. Ewing's tumor is commonest primary bone tumor and fibrous dysplasia in tumor like lesions of the bone.

Background:The pattern of diseases causing adult nephrotic syndrome varies globally as well as in India. The aim of our study was to analyze the spectrum of patients with biopsy proven nephrotic syndrome in adults over 15 years, in respect with incidence, age distribution and correlate the clinicopathological features, electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. Methods:We have evaluated and analyzed retrospectively 263 renal biopsies of adult nephrotic syndrome over a consecutive period of 16 years (January 2000 to December 2015) in our tertiary care Hospital.Result: In our study of 235 (89.35%) adequate renal biopsy cases overall male predominance was seen (M: F ratio 1.7:1) with maximum males noted in diabetic nephropathy (M: F ratio 4:1) while SLE was seen exclusively in female (M: F ratio 0:6). Minimal change disease (26.38%), followed by MPGN (16.17%) and FSGS (15.74%) were the common histopathological lesions. In 15-45 years age majority of 78.72% cases were observed with prominently histomorphological pattern as MCD( 25.10%),followed by FSGS ( 13.61%) & MPGN (13.19%). In 45-85 years age , 21.28% cases majority were of membranous glomerulonephritis (5.10%) and diabetic nephropathy (4.25%). Primary glomerular diseases accounted for 78.3% cases commonest was MCD (26.38%) and secondary glomerular diseases in 21.7% of cases, most common being amyloidosis (7.23%) Light microscopy, immunopathology findings correlated with electron microscopy findings in 79 cases (91.86%) out of 86 cases. Sample error was main reason of non correlation of EM & LM diagnosis, especially in FSGS. Conclusion:This data analysis is essential to study the prevalence of biopsy proven renal diseases and its variation and distribution as per age .Which can improve the understanding of utility of renal biopsy for future research of renal parenchymal diseases in adults.

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is an important chronic disorder in children with clinical manifestation of different histopathological subtypes. An aim of the study was to determine incidence of renal biopsy in paediatric nephrotic syndrome, correlations between the clinical and histomorphological patterns in Indian ethnicity children at our tertiary care institute. Methods:A retrospective study of kidney biopsies with, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy with clinical outcome of the children with nephrotic syndrome was done over a period of 15 years. Biopsies were stained with Hematoxylin & eosin, Periodic acid Schiff and silver impregnation stain and also processed for immunofluorescence and electron microscopy as necessary. All renal biopsy findings were correlated with clinical response to steroid therapy, immunosuppressant, and clinical parameters. Result:Frequencies in results were calculated by Chi square test for categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test was used for non parametric variables. Predominantly cases were seen in the age group 8-12 years. Atypical nephrotic syndrome was the commonest presenting feature followed by steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. Minimal change disease was the commonest histomorphological pattern followed by focal segmental glomerular sclerosis. All the cases of membranous glomerulonephritis in study were secondary in nature. Light microscopy findings correlated with electron microscopy, in 80.95% cases. Conclusion:Minimal change disease occurs up to 6 times more commonly in Indian children than in Europian counterpart, but rise in FSGS cases as a cause for nephrotic syndrome is now being encountered. In India the proportion of cases with Membrano-proliferative glomerulonephritis is high, attributable to the high prevalence of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, chronic suppurative infections and malnutrition

Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare, benign proliferative tumour that can involve the breast. It is usually present as a solitary, unilateral, painless mass at the periphery of the breast in women range in age from 26 to 82 years (average 63 years). Tumour sizes range from 0.5 to 8 cm.(average size 2.5 cm).We report a case of adenomyoepithelioma of right breast in a 58 years old female since two months with diagnostic difficulty on cytology, especially with morules predominance that merits documentation due to its rarity.On physical examination, it was a single well defined, lobulated, non mobile, firm mass of 10 x 8 x 5 cm in upper outer quadrant of right breast without associated axillary lymphadenopathy. Sonomammography showed well defined lobulated right breast mass with macrolobulations and cystic changes suggestive of phyllodes tumour. Wide local excision was performed and histopathological study revealed adenomyoepithelioma which is confirmed by P63 immunostain.