Aim: To determine the histopathological pattern of the endometrium in premenopausal and postmenopausal women presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).
Materials and methods:A total of 82 patients presenting with AUB were evaluated for age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, and bleeding pattern. Endometrial specimens from these patients were taken in 10% formalin, processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Slides were then studied microscopically for phase and any other abnormality.
Results:Out of 82 patients, 41 were premenopausal and 41 were in postmenopausal age group. Maximum number of patients were in the age group of 40 to 49 years (37.8%). The most common clinical presentation in premenopausal age group was menorrhagia (25.6%). In the premenopausal age group, proliferative endometrium (51.2%) was the most common finding while in postmenopausal age group the most common finding was atrophic endometrium (43.9%). Overall, proliferative endometrium (25%) was the most common histopathological finding followed closely by atrophic endometrium (21.9%). Endometrial carcinoma accounted for two cases (2.4%).
Conclusion:The importance of studying the histological pattern of endometrium in AUB in different age group is to correctly diagnose the underlying etiology, thus, helping in the management of disease. In postmenopausal age group, ruling out or confirmation of malignancy is the most important objective.
Introduction: Tuberculosis is one of the oldest diseases with high morbidity and mortality. India accounts for one- fourth of the global TB burden
(2.7million cases).
Material and methods: A total 1056 patients were included in this study. All patients were requested to give two sputum samples, spot sputum
sample (at the time of visit) and early morning sputum for mycobacterial testing. All spot samples tested with smear microscopy and Xpert
MTB/Rif assay. Rifampicin resistant samples compared with conventional method.
Results: Out of 1056 sputum samples GeneXpert MTB Rif assay detected positive 204 (19.3%), not detected 827 (78.31%). There is significant
difference founded for positivity in spot samples and early morning sputum samples (P =0.0026). Rifampicins resistant were 8 (3.9%) andshown
100% sensitivity, specificity with Conventional method.
Conclusion: For diagnosing tuberculosis and detecting Rifampicin resistance GeneXpert MTB/RIF has been especially recommended.
Introduction: Pancytopenia, simultaneous presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, is a common clinical entity that we see in day to day practice Proper diagnostic evaluation requires detailed clinical history, physical examination and haematological assessment including careful peripheral blood smear examination and bone marrow evaluation. Materials and Methods: A total of 80 adult patients with pancytopenia/bicytopenia presenting between January 2016 to January 2017 were included in the study. All patients underwent detailed clinical history and physical examination. Careful peripheral blood smear examination, CBC and bone marrow aspirate was done in all. Bone marrow biopsy was done wherever feasible. Results: Megaloblastic anemia was the commonest cause of pancytopenia/bicytopenia making up 37.5% of all cases followed by erythroid hyperplasia (20%), aplastic anemia (10%). Haematological malignancies accounted for 23.75% cases of the total. Bone marrow biopsy aided in the diagnosis of 8 cases (6 cases of aplastic anemia and two cases of dry tap) while in others it was concordant with aspiration findings. Conclusion: Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy are an important adjunct to peripheral smear examination for evaluation of cytopenias. Bone marrow trephine biopsy is helpful in cases of dry tap. We also conclude that there is high prevalence of megaloblastic anemia due to nutritional deficiency among young population. Hence, this age range should be the prime target for education regarding proper dietary habits, the remediation of which might reduce the clinical burden of megaloblastic anemia.
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