Modern agriculture makes use of chemical pesticides to increase the crop productivity so as to meet the daily needs of uncontrolled population growth. These increase the productivity neglecting the fertility of soil and food quality, hence risking the health of human beings including animals. Fenpyroximate is a kind of acaricide which attacks and kills mites and decreases the growth of larvae. A method is established for the detection of fenpyroximate and stop excessive use of pesticide. After performing several tests on various wavelengths, the λmax for the detection of fenpyroximate was 435 nm for azo dye. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be 0.687 μg mL-1 and 2.083 μg mL-1, respectively. Furthermore, molar absorptivity, Sandell′s sensitivity were calculated to be 2.3 × 10-7 mol-1 cm-1 and 1 × 10-5 μg cm-2, respectively. The azo dye follows Beer′s law in the range 5 μg to 14 μg in 10 mL that can be easily detected by using spectrophotometric analysis. This method is very sensitive, low cost and less time consuming. The present method is applied successfully in various vegetables (i.e. apple, cucumber, potato, spinach, etc.) soil and water samples.
An organophosphorous insecticide monocrotophos is increasingly being utilized in agriculture to control insects on a broad range of crops. In this study a new reaction system using spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of monocrotophos is proposed. The method is based on the bromination of monocrotophos to form dibromomonocrotophos which react with Potassium iodide-Potassium iodate mixture in the presence of leuco malachite green (LMG) to form a water soluble greenish blue colored complex. The change in absorbance as a criterion of the bromination reaction progress was followed spectrophotometrically. To obtain t he maximum sensitivity the effective reaction variables were optimized. The absorbance maximum was observed at 620 nm. Under optimized experimental conditions calibration graph was linear over the range of 10.0-60.0 µg. The molar absorptivity of the colored system is 3.66×104 L mol-1 cm-1 and sandell’s sensitivity is 0.25×10-2 µg cm-2. The calculated detection limit was 0.44 µg mL-1. The interfering effect of various species was also investigated. The present method was successfully applied to the analysis of monocrotophos in different environmental and water samples.
Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric scheme was described for the determination of fenvalerate in environmental samples. The scheme was based on the hydrolysis of 1 N of 5 mL NaOH to form cyanohydrin. The cyanohydrin is reacted with bromine and pyridine to form glutaconic aldehyde, which is then coupled with p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde to give yellow dye having maximum absorbance at 440 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the concentration range of 0.6- 6.2 µg in a nal solution volume of 25 mL. The molar absorptivity of the colored system is 3.84×104 L mol-1cm-1 and Sandell’s sensitivity is 2.4×10-3 µg cm-2. The reproducibility assessed by carrying out seven days replicate analysis of a solution containing 0.6 µg of fenvalerate in a nal solution volume of 25 mL. The standard deviation and relative standard deviation for the absorbance value were found to be ± 3.4×10-3 and 1.5% respectively. The proposed scheme is sensitive and free from the interference of other toxicants. The analytical parameters were optimized and the scheme was applied to the determination of fenvalerate in environmental samples.
Pesticides are designated mixture of substances for extenuating and destroying any group of pests such as insects and vegetation. Pymetrozine [6-methyl-4-[(E)-pyridin-3-ylmethylideneamino]-2, 5-dihydro-1, 2, 4-triazin-3-one] is a pyridine azomethine compound which represents a class of insecticide. A Spectrophotometric method has been developed on the modified Fujiwara reaction for the determination of pymetrozine. Pymetrozine directly reacts with chloroform the 45-500C turns out the violet color in the formation of Schiff’s Base (Glutaconic Aldehyde). In the present reaction, the violet color obtained is discharged with a few drops of acetic acid followed by the addition of p- nitro aniline reagent which gives yellow color dyes. The absorption maxima of yellow-colored dye measured at 430 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed over the range of 1 to 10 µg per 10 ml of pymetrozine. The molar absorptivity of the colored system is 1.38×105 L mol-1 and Sandall’s sensitivity is 1.0×10-3µg cm-2. This method is free from the interference of other interfering and can be successfully applied for the determination of various ecological samples.
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