Herein we have synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using liquid metabolic waste of Bos taurus (A-2 type) urine. Various bio-molecules present in cow urine, are effectively used to reduce silver (Ag) ions into silver nanoparticles in one step. This is bio-inspired electron transfer to Ag ion for the formation of base Ag metal and is fairly prompt and facile. These nanoparticles act as a positive catalyst for various organic transformation reactions. The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the as-synthesized Ag NPs are widely characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transmission infra-red spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The as-synthesized bio-mimetic Ag NPs show potential activity for several reduction reactions of nitro groups. The Ag NPs were also used for degradation of hazardous dyes such as Methylene blue and Crystal violet with good degradation rate constant.

Nanoscience and technology is an exciting and rapidly emerging branch of science and technology which work at the atomic, molecular and macromolecular levels. Nanotechnology deals with manipulation and use various tools and functional materials at nanoscale. The concept of nanotechnology was first time proposed by American Nobel laureate Richard Feynman in 1959. However, the basic idea of definition and popularization was explored much more in 1980s. Nanotechnology has opened up new panoramas for applications in molecular biology, biotechnology in revolutionizing almost all the disciplines of veterinary and animal sciences by providing new, small scale tools and materials that are beneficial for living organisms. The different types nanomaterials are being used for disease diagnosis, treatment, drug delivery, animal nutrition, animal breeding. The various types of nanoparticles are used such as metallic nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, fullerenes, liposomes and dendrimers Therefore, scientists, doctors, engineers and biologists should work at the cellular and molecular levels for significant benefits and there should be public awareness about the potential risks.

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In this study, we are reporting biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and hydrothermal synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles. Using convenient mechanical milling methods, nanocomposites with superior photocatalytic and catalytic properties are synthesized. Herein, we have adopted a green, eco-friendly, and economical route for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles using Zingiber officinalae rhizome extract in an aqueous solution. The synthesized materials were characterized using UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM & FE-SEM, FT-IR, Raman, and a particle size analyzer with zeta potential analysis. The photocatalytic activities of Ag, ZnO and their composites were studied by observing the degradation of methylene blue and crystal violet dyes under natural sunlight. Then the catalytic efficacies of synthesized nanoparticles for various organic transformation reactions were studied. Ag–ZnO nanocomposites were predicted to have improved photocatalytic activity and organic transformation reactions, allowing them to be used in environmental remediation applications.

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