Introduction:Alginates can be tailored chemically to improve solubility, physicochemical, and biological properties and its complexation with metal ion is useful for controlling the drug release.Materials And Methods:Synthesized N,O-dimethyl, N-methyl, or N-Benzyl hydroxylamine derivatives of sodium alginate were subsequently complexed with zinc to form beads. Hydroxamation of sodium alginate was confirmed by Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).Results:The synthesized polymeric material exhibited reduced aqueous, HCl and NaOH solubility. The hydroxamated derivatives demonstrated pulsed release where change in pH of the dissolution medium stimulated the atenolol release.Conclusion:Atenolol loaded Zn cross-linked polymeric beads demonstrated the sustained the plasma drug levels with increased half-life. Although the synthesized derivatives greatly altered the aqueous solubility of sodium alginate, no significant differences in in vitro and in vivo atenolol release behavior amongst the N,O-dimethyl, N-methyl, or N-Benzyl hydroxylamine derivatives of sodium alginate were observed.
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Nanoparticles are currently becoming one of the important parts for various segments. Much more process/application becomes effective or more economical and time-saving because of nanoparticles. Polymers with distinct characteristics are widely used but nature-origin polymer has important properties that make a polymeric material for nanoparticles. Many methods were successfully evaluated to prepare chitosan nanoparticles for loading various compounds including ionotropic gelation, micelles, and emulsification methods. In this article, we have reviewed the current aspects made-up of chitosan nanoparticles. Chitosan nanoparticles have an application to improve bioavailability, controlled release of the loaded drug also increases cellular uptake and targeting to cancer cells, stabilization of proteins, and enhanced the effectivity of anti-microbial agents. In agriculture, chitosan nanoparticles are used for herbicides, insecticides, and pesticide loading to improve the cultivation of crops and are used in food packaging. Chitosan nanoparticles also have wide applications as implant and therapeutic agent.
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