Present investigation explores the use of pineapple peel, a food industry waste, for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production using Clostridium acetobutylicum B 527. Proximate analysis of pineapple peel shows that it contains 35% cellulose, 19% hemicellulose, and 16% lignin on dry basis. Drying experiments on pineapple peel waste were carried out in the temperature range of 60-120°C and experimental drying data was modeled using moisture diffusion control model to study its effect on ABE production. The production of ABE was further accomplished via acid hydrolysis, detoxification, and fermentation process. Maximum total sugar release obtained by using acid hydrolysis was 97g/L with 95-97% and 10-50% removal of phenolics and acetic acid, respectively during detoxification process. The maximum ABE titer obtained was 5.23g/L with 55.6% substrate consumption when samples dried at 120°C were used as a substrate (after detoxification).

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Metabolic engineering has the potential to steadily enhance product titers by inducing changes in metabolism. Especially, availability of cofactors plays a crucial role in improving efficacy of product conversion. Hence, the effect of certain trace elements was studied individually or in combinations, to enhance butanol flux during its biological production. Interestingly, nickel chloride (100 mg L–1) and sodium selenite (1 mg L–1) showed a nearly 2-fold increase in solvent titer, achieving 16.13 ± 0.24 and 12.88 ± 0.36 g L–1 total solvents with yields of 0.30 and 0.33 g g–1, respectively. Subsequently, the addition time (screened entities) was optimized (8 h) to further increase solvent production up to 18.17 ± 0.19 and 15.5 ± 0.13 g L–1 by using nickel and selenite, respectively. A significant upsurge in butanol dehydrogenase (BDH) levels was observed, which reflected in improved solvent productions. Additionally, a three-dimensional structure of BDH was also constructed using homology modeling and subsequently docked with substrate, cofactor, and metal ion to investigate proper orientation and molecular interactions.

Efficient yet economic production of biofuel(s) using varied second-generation feedstock needs to be explored in the current scenario to cope up with global fuel demand. Hence, the present study was performed to reveal the use of cauliflower waste for acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) production using Clostridium acetobutylicum NRRL B 527. The proximate analysis of cauliflower waste demonstrated to comprise 17.32% cellulose, 9.12% hemicellulose, and 5.94% lignin. Drying of cauliflower waste was carried out in the temperature range of 60-120 °C to investigate its effect on ABE production. The experimental drying data were simulated using moisture diffusion control model. The cauliflower waste dried at 80 °C showed maximum total sugar yield of 26.05 g L. Furthermore, the removal of phenolics, acetic acid, and total furans was found to be 90-97, 10-40, and 95-97%, respectively. Incidentally, maximum ABE titer obtained was 5.35 g L with 50% sugar utilization.