Blast furnace slag (BFS) is a mortar additive in which the utilization of varied curing conditions and the basicity of BFS determine the fineness of the resulting mortar and, thereby, its salt prevention properties. This study evaluates and compares the salt-prevention properties of mortar prepared by either steam curing or water curing. The physical properties, for example, the BFS fineness, revealed the factors significantly affected by basicity that influence the salt-preventive properties of mortar in the specimens examined, such as the lead time and diffusion coefficient. Furthermore, these factors were also significantly affected by differences in curing conditions and other physical properties. However, few studies have examined its use in reducing chloride ion permeability as the main factor of corrosion reactions. Thus, this study evaluates specific surface, water/binder ratio (W/B), and curing conditions on the chloride penetration in cementitious materials with blast furnace slag as cement addition in terms of delaying chloride ion penetration, which affects corrosion reactions. Results of the study are intended to guide development of products for use in the precast concrete industry, toward extending the life of concrete structures, especially reinforced concrete structures in marine environments. In addition, the resulting durability measurements from the experiment conducted are illustrated. This study indicates that differences in Blaine size properties significantly influence water curing. Furthermore, results reveal the effects of combining BFS with various Blaine values and ratio-affecting properties on mortar. In conclusion, concrete materials that decrease durability against chloride attack and improve mechanical properties for precast manufacturer industrial applications are successfully developed in this study. In addition, the use of water-curing conditions, high Blaine value, high cement replacement ratio, and W/B tend to improve the general mechanical property performance and durability against chloride ion attack.
The objective of this study is to examine the pattern of water hyacinths which is a plant that is suitable for making lightweight concrete and can be used to replace sand in lightweight concrete production. The proportion of cement: sand: water: foam is 1: 1: 0.65: 44.08 and the proportion of water hyacinths that will replace the sand by the cement’s weight is 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. The density, water absorption, compressive strength (by the standard of TIS 1505-2541) and heat conduction of the lightweight concrete at 14 days will be studied. The results of the compressive strength of the lightweight concrete (LC) and the cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) are 167.56 ksc and 284.94 ksc, respectively. Both the compressive strength of the cellular lightweight concrete mixed water hyacinth (CLCH) and the lightweight concrete mixed water hyacinth (LCH) were investigated. The compressive strength of the CLCH and the LCH are 156.37 ksc and 172.45 ksc, respectively. The results are that the percentage loss of the CLC and the LC compressive strength are 6.68% and 39.83%. As for the physical properties, which are density and thermal conductivity, decreased. In contrast, water absorption increased by the percentage of water hyacinth by sand replacement. The optimal water hyacinth ratio in this study is 5%. Moreover, the CLC block is specified by the Thai Industrial Standards Institute 1505-2541 and is classified as C16 of the CLC block.
Abstract. The growing demand of construction around the world has led to an increased usage of concrete. However, convention concrete making materials are not entirely environmental friendly and this has enthused research on seeking greener alternative for concrete production. Agriculture industries are one of the major industries globally that harvested products such as food and biomass for organism around the world. After harvesting products, there are effluence of agriculture waste as left, straw and pseudostem. This research focusing on mechanical properties as compressive Strength Test of mortar cement adding with the pseudostem of banana dried powder (PBDP) by trial the percentage of PBDP and chemical properties as using scanning electron microscope (SEM). These findings indicate that 10% of PBDP replacement is the best ratio and element of PBDP which C was the most element in PBDP as 59.96% of mass and 71.49 % of atomic.
Chloride ions penetrated reinforced concrete structures. Corrosion of reinforcing bars occurs because of cracks due to corrosion expansion, which is a problem of chloride damage deteriorating structures' performance. Blast furnace slag (from now on referred to as "BFS") is the inevitable by-product of steel product manufacturing as sustainable materials. BFS is more effective in preventing corrosion of reinforcing bars in concrete due to the denser cured and its high ability to immobilize chloride ions. Thus, the influence of BFS on the durability of mortar using BFS powder with different basicity was studied by using "Standard on Test Methods for Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficients in Concrete" by electrophoresis (Draft) (JSCE-G571-2003)" and the total chloride ion amount was measured following JIS R 5202. The result confirmed that the immobilization performance could be greatly improved by increasing the basicity. It was remarkable in the case of air curing, a curing method for available precast products.
Since sustainable development is becoming incredibly influential, the concrete and cement industries are reducing negative environmental impacts. Previous studies have reported salt damage effects on reinforced concrete structures on various methods to prevent salt damage. The solution is to substitute the raw materials required in cement with industrial by-products from manufacturing steel products, including blast furnace slag (BFS). Since it strengthens the concrete structure, the chloride ion penetration must also be considered. Using BFS with various Blaine values investigated the effect of BFS on blocking resistance and chloride ion penetration. This study focused on delaying the permeation of chloride ions and conducted a study using blast furnace slag. The cement replacing with blast furnace slag improves the salt preventive performance and detoxifies chloride ions. This study examined fluctuations in the blast furnace slag Blaine value affect the salt preventive property by steam curing condition. The result confirmed that the compressive strength increases as the blast furnace slag with a higher Blaine value are used also confirmed that the study improved the salt preventive performance by increasing the addition rate of the blast furnace slag fine powder.
The sustainable building aims to minimize environmental impact by reducing carbon dioxide pollution by using by-products. Concrete materials are well-known for being the most extensively used construction material. Carbon dioxide emissions are the permissible greenhouse gas emissions that would have an impact on the long sustainability. Blast furnace slag reduces carbon dioxide emissions as an environmentally responsible building material, and sustainable steelmaking aims to minimize waste. Steel corrosion and chloride damage are several of the most apparent problems for concrete structure durability. Incorporating BFS into the cement is beneficial for concrete durability as the Structures' serviceability increased. This study aimed to explore the material properties and compressive strength of BFS mortar while considering the replacement ratio, Blaine fineness of the BFS, and curing conditions. This study mainly discovered that substituting BES for cement in the mortar increased the compressive strength and durability factor, indicating that the material's properties depend on the BFS, based on the experimental results, which cover the materials properties and salt preventive property. The low water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of the BFS-blended cement mixture is the reason for this. The study reported that the investigation of salt preventive by adding BFS with a low Blaine fineness and average substitution ratios (45%) could improve the compressive strength of BFS mortar samples. These mortar samples were even more resistant to carbonation, which could also be attributed to the hydration products of BFS.
Sustainability is becoming more and more important, which is why the concrete and cement industry are attempting to reduce negative impacts to the environment. One of the methods regarding this is to use industry by-products from the manufacturing of steel products like blast furnace slag (BFS) to replace the raw materials required in cement. The chloride ion penetration has to also be taken into consideration since it reinforces the concrete structure. Thus, the influence of BFS on blocking resistance and chloride ion penetration by using BFS with different Blaine value is studied by using “Standard on Test Methods for Chloride Ion Diffusion Coefficients in Concrete” by electrophoresis (Draft) (JSCE-G571-2003)” and the total chloride ion amount was measured in accordance to JIS R 5202. The result is that using BFS in cement has influences on the penetration properties.
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