The polyphyletic genus Chirita is remodelled after an extensive molecular phylogenetic study of species assigned to it and to other associated genera. Most of Chirita sect. Chirita and the monotypic Hemiboeopsis are amalgamated with Henckelia sect. Henckelia, resulting in a very differently circumscribed genus Henckelia and the synonymisation of Chirita. The remaining species of Chirita sect. Chirita are accommodated in the revived genus Damrongia. Chirita sect. Liebigia is recognised as the genus Liebigia. Chirita sect. Microchirita is recognised as the genus Microchirita. Chirita sect. Gibbosaccus is, together with Chiritopsis and Wentsaiboea, included in the originally monotypic and now enormously expanded genus Primulina. The necessary combinations are made and a general list showing the present accommodation of the species previously described under Chirita, Chiritopsis, Hemiboeopsis, Primulina and Wentsaiboea is provided.

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The phylogenetic relationships between Paraboea, Trisepalum and Phylloboea, in the twisted–fruited clade of the advanced Asiatic and Malesian Gesneriaceae, were investigated using nuclear and chloroplast data. Maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses demonstrated unambiguously that the three genera originated from a single common ancestor, that Phylloboea is nested deeply in Trisepalum and that in turn Trisepalum is nested in Paraboea. As Paraboea has been conserved against Phylloboea and Trisepalum the necessary new combinations in Paraboea are made here. The enlarged genus Paraboea comprises around 120 species. The phylogeny presented here will provide a valuable framework for future biogeographic and comparative studies in Gesneriaceae.

Cassumunar is a well‐known and widely cultivated medicinal ginger. Historically, many names have been applied to this species. Over the past two decades, Zingiber montanum (≡ Amomum montanum) has been mostly accepted as the correct scientific name for Cassumunar ginger in spite of numerous discrepancies between the protologue and the plants to which the name was applied. We re‐investigated the identity, taxonomy and nomenclatural history of Z. montanum, Z. purpureum and Z. cassumunar and their synonyms. We show that the correct name for Cassumunar ginger is Z. purpureum and that Z. montanum is a different species. A specimen at C previously regarded as the holotype of A. montanum is not original material, and represents Z. purpureum, which partly explains the confusion between these two names. Zingiber montanum is characterized by scarlet inflorescence bracts and flowers with labellum and lateral staminodes being dark purplish‐red, and mottled cream‐white. Unlike Z. purpureum, Z. montanum is not known in cultivation and has no known medicinal properties. Zingiber newmanii, Z. nudicarpum and Z. peninsulare are placed in synonymy with Z. montanum, expanding the distribution significantly in Southeast Asia and into China. Zingiber purpureum is readily distinguished from Z. montanum by dark red to maroon, purplish or almost brown bracts often with greenish margins, and flowers with cream‐white labellum and lateral staminodes. Zingiber cassumunar, Z. cassumunar var. subglabrum, Z. cliffordiae, Z. paucipunctatum and Z. pubisquamum are treated as synonyms of Z. purpureum. Neotypes are designated for A. montanum and Z. purpureum, and lectotypes are designated for Z. cassumunar, Z. cassumunar var. subglabrum, Z. cliffordiae, Z. peninsulare and Z. pubisquamum.