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Causality visualization can help people understand temporal chains of events, such as messages sent in a distributed system, cause and effect in a historical conflict, or the interplay between political actors over time. However, as the scale and complexity of these event sequences grows, even these visualizations can become overwhelming to use. In this paper, we propose the use of textual narratives as a data-driven storytelling method to augment causality visualization. We first propose a design space for how textual narratives can be used to describe causal data. We then present results from a crowdsourced user study where participants were asked to recover causality information from two causality visualizations-causal graphs and Hasse diagrams-with and without an associated textual narrative. Finally, we describe CAUSEWORKS, a causality visualization system for understanding how specific interventions influence a causal model. The system incorporates an automatic textual narrative mechanism based on our design space. We validate CAUSEWORKS through interviews with experts who used the system for understanding complex events.

Smartwatches present inherent input difficulties due to the small touchscreen. In a controlled experiment with 14 participants with upper body motor impairments, we compared smartwatch touchscreen input to input on the bezel of the watch, the latter of which should at least theoretically stabilize user input due to its hard edge. Results demonstrate a speed-accuracy tradeoff whereby the touchscreen is faster but the bezel is more accurate.