Background The use of computers and other Visual Display Terminal (VDT) screens is increasing in Nepal. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) and other occupational health concerns among employees working in front of VDT screens in the Nepalese population. Objectives This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CVS, musculoskeletal and work-related stress among VDT screen users in the office, as well as their understanding and usage of preventive measures. Methods The study was a cross-sectional descriptive study among 319 VDT users in office settings in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal, using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associated factors at 95% CI. P-value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of CVS was 89.4%. More than eight out of ten study participants reported at least one visual and musculoskeletal symptom. Work-related stress, which was moderate-difficult to handle, was present in 36.7% of the study population. The mean±SD computer usage per day was 7.9±1.9 hours. Tired eye (63.3%), feeling of dry eye (57.8%), headache (56.9%) were the common visual symptoms of CVS reported. Total computer use/day > = 8 hours OR 2.6, improper viewing distance OR 3.2, Not using an anti-glare screen OR 2.6, not using eye-drops, and not wearing protective goggles OR 3.1 were significantly associated with the presence of CVS. There was no statistically significant association between visual symptoms of CVS, musculoskeletal symptoms, and stress with gender. Conclusion CVS was substantially related to not employing preventive measures, working longer hours, and having an incorrect viewing distance. With more hours per day spent in front of a VDT screen, work-related stress and musculoskeletal complaints were also found to be important correlates. Similarly, work-related stress was found more among those who had less than five years of job.
Background To evaluate depth perception in Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), glaucoma suspects compared to controls and to determine the association between depth perception and severity of glaucoma. Methods This was a hospital based, comparative, cross-sectional study. The ethical clearance was taken from institutional review committee of Institute of Medicine [Reference no.399 (6–11) E2 077-078]. Agematched, equal number of participants in each group (N=20) were evaluated with both Titmus and Frisby stereoacuity tests to measure depth perception as stereopsis threshold in seconds of arc. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling technique. Results There was no differences in age, sex, or best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness (CCT), found among the three groups (POAG, Glaucoma Suspects and Control) respectively. However, there was significant difference in cup disc ratio (CDR) between the groups. Equal number of male and female were there in each group, while in POAG group male to female ratio was 3:2. The mean stereoacuity threshold in control group was 53.5±23.23 seconds of arc with Titmus test and 38.75±18.83 seconds of arc with Frisby stereoacuity test. The difference in threshold was significant between control and glaucoma suspect with Titmus (t=1.991, p=0.05) and with Frisby (t=2.114, p=0.04). The difference was also significant in POAG group by Titmus (t=3.135, p=0.0033) and by Frisby (t=3.014, p=0.004). More so, with increasing severity of glaucoma, the mean threshold of stereopsis increased as seen with both Titmus and Frisby Tests (ANOVA, p < 0.001) Conclusion Primary open angle glaucoma patients and glaucoma suspects, showed significant reduction in depth perception. Decreased stereoacuity was associated with greater glaucomatous visual field loss.
This study was done to evaluate the outcome of pterygium excision with inferonasal conjunctival autograft at a tertiary eye care centre. Retrospective analysis of medical records of primary pterygia patients operated by a single surgeon between 2017 to 2020 were analyzed. A total of 43 patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The demographic variables, along with size of pterygium and recurrence over a period of six month follow up was noted. The mean age of patients was 46.97 years (29-74 years). The mean size of pterygium was 3.17 mm. Recurrence was seen in 3 eyes over a period of 6 months. Graft edema was observed in 11 patients and graft hemorrhage along with congestion was seen in 8 cases which resolved over a 3 weeks follow up period. Mild conjunctival scarring was seen over donor area in 5 of the eyes. Pterygium excision with inferior conjunctival autograft is an effective alternative technique to superotemporal autograft technique.
Introduction: This study was done to find out the causes of visual impairment in students studying in schools for the blind in the central development region of Nepal. Materials and Methods: The study was done in six schools for the blind in the central development region of Nepal. It was conducted by a team of Eye care professionals using standard eye examination protocols of the World Health Organization Prevention of Blindness Program in the year 2009. Results: A total of 133 students (5 - 21 years age group) enrolled in six schools for the blind were examined. 52.6% of children were visually impaired at birth and 12% developed vision impairment within one year of age. Twenty-one students (15.8%) had mild visual impairment, 5 students (3.8%) had severe visual impairment and 101 students (76%) were blind. The main cause of vision impairment was found to be lens-related anomaly 23.3% and retinal diseases, 18% followed by corneal lesions, 16.5%, and problems with the whole globe, optic nerve, and glaucoma accounting for 12.03%, 11.3%, and 7.5% respectively. The etiology could not be identified in 48.1% followed by hereditary causes (31.6%) and childhood factors (12%). Of the total students examined, 37.6% were visually impaired due to avoidable causes; preventable in 22.6% and treatable in 15% of cases. Conclusions: A high proportion of childhood blindness in schools for the blind in the central development region of Nepal is avoidable.
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