Aim:This study aimed to identify and establish the facial and smile proportions in young adults and to compare the results with ideal or divine proportions, compare the proportions of males and females included in our study population and compare them with those established for Caucasian and Japanese populations.Materials and Methods:Two hundred participants (164 females, 36 males) with Angle's class I malocclusion (M.O). and well-balanced faces were selected and photographed in the frontal repose position. Analysis was done in Adobe Photoshop software. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0. (IBM Corporation Armonk, New York, United States).Results:Results suggested that females are more near to ideal ratios and males are more deviated from the ideal ratios. The proportions of males and females were not considerably different from each other. In Indian population, upper 3rd facial height (TR-LC) was increased and mid-face height (LC-LN) was decreased; in lower 3rd of the face, LN-CH was slightly increased in comparison to CH-ME. In facial widths, outer canthal width (LC-LC) was greater in the Indian population and mouth width (CH-CH) was normal. When compared with Indian population, Japanese participants had wider noses, outer canthal distance, and bitemporal width.Conclusion:It was concluded that significant difference was found between the proportions of the Indian population and ideal ratio. When Indian population was compared with Japanese and Caucasian populations, some parameters of facial proportions showed significant difference, which leads to the need for establishing standardized norms for various facial proportions in Indian population.

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Objective: The study aimed to estimate the need of orthodontic treatment in 7-16-year-old school children in Udaipur city, India. Methods:This cross sectional study enrolled 1029 subjects (661 males and 368 females) belonging to Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Subjects who had not undergone orthodontic treatment were randomly selected. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) by the same calibrated examiner. Collected data were quantitatively analyzed, and the difference pertaining to prevalence between males and females was measured using the chi-square test.Results: A Grade 1 IOTN score was observed in 48.4% of the population. Grade 2 was observed in 22.9% of the population. A significant difference was noted for the prevalence of Grades 1, 2, and 3 between male and female children, with male children showing greater prevalence of malocclusion grades. Grades 4 and 5, which were noted less frequently, did not show a significant difference with respect to sex. Conclusion:A higher percentage of the sample required moderate orthodontic treatment. This necessitates proper education and motivation to undergo orthodontic treatment.

Background: There is a strong genetic influence in determination of tooth dimensions bearing an influence on the facial dimension. Aims and Objective: To determine a correlation between clinical crown height of upper and lower permanent incisor (11 and 41), molar (16 and 46) and lower facial height clinically and cephalometrically in males and females. Materials & Methods: A sample of 180 patients were (90 males and 90 females) included in our study,(60-hypodivergent, 60-normodivrgent and 60-hyperdivergent) with an age range of 17-25 years. Threeanthropometric measurements were considered. The lower facial height from subnasale(Sn) to menton, and cephalometric lower facial height distance from anterior nasal spine(ANS) to menton and the clinical crown height of maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars were measured. Observations: Significant difference was observed in relation to 16 in normodivergent patient and lower facial height clinically and cephalometrically in hyperdivergent growth patient. No significant difference between clinical&cephalometric lower facial height in normodivergent, hypodivergent and hyperdivergent male and female patient. Significant difference was observed between 41 to lower facial height in hypodivergent & 11,41 &46 to lower facial height in hyperdivergent patient. Conclusion: A strong significant correlation was observed with clinical crown height of lower central incisor and lower facial height in hyperdivergent and hypodivergent patient.

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