Aim:This study aimed to identify and establish the facial and smile proportions in young adults and to compare the results with ideal or divine proportions, compare the proportions of males and females included in our study population and compare them with those established for Caucasian and Japanese populations.Materials and Methods:Two hundred participants (164 females, 36 males) with Angle's class I malocclusion (M.O). and well-balanced faces were selected and photographed in the frontal repose position. Analysis was done in Adobe Photoshop software. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 17.0. (IBM Corporation Armonk, New York, United States).Results:Results suggested that females are more near to ideal ratios and males are more deviated from the ideal ratios. The proportions of males and females were not considerably different from each other. In Indian population, upper 3rd facial height (TR-LC) was increased and mid-face height (LC-LN) was decreased; in lower 3rd of the face, LN-CH was slightly increased in comparison to CH-ME. In facial widths, outer canthal width (LC-LC) was greater in the Indian population and mouth width (CH-CH) was normal. When compared with Indian population, Japanese participants had wider noses, outer canthal distance, and bitemporal width.Conclusion:It was concluded that significant difference was found between the proportions of the Indian population and ideal ratio. When Indian population was compared with Japanese and Caucasian populations, some parameters of facial proportions showed significant difference, which leads to the need for establishing standardized norms for various facial proportions in Indian population.

Bonding of orthodontic attachments using orthodontic adhesives is one of the important procedures in clinical orthodontic practice and is the most significant development over the past three decades. Buonocore [1] in 1955 demonstrated a simple method to increase adhesion of acrylic filling material to enamel surface by acid pretreatment with 85% phosphoric acid. Newman [2] in 1965 used this technique for bonding plastic brackets with epoxy resin. This paved the way for direct bonding of bracket in orthodontic practice. Bowen's resin or bisphenol-a-glycidyl dimethacrylate was developed by Bowen in 1962. [3] Various modifications were made to Bowen's resin to alter their properties and enhance their performance for the clinical use. An ideal orthodontic adhesive should have optimal bond strength to withstand masticatory forces and forces of the orthodontic appliance. On the other hand, it should also debond without causing any damage to the enamel. The bond strength and debonding character of Transbond XT have been extensively studied and reported to have optimal bond strength. [4] The quest to overcome the shortcomings of conventional filled composites has led to the development of "flowable composites." [5] Flowable composites achieved great attention due to their clinical handling characteristics such as nonstickiness, fluid injectability, adequate working time, and short cure time. Self-curing resins, for a long time, were the only option for dental restorative and orthodontic bonding procedures. This kind of material boasts great clinical efficiency but its short handling time hinders the procedure. Milne et al. [6] compared the shear and tensile bond strengths and the accuracy of bracket placement of these two methods, and the results revealed no statistically significant differences between the bond strengths.

Business Intelligence, Data Warehousing, Dashboards, Reports, Graphs, KPI etc. are frequently used words but only a few people really know the meaning and implementation of this. The goal of Business Intelligence is to enable management to make more intelligent decisions based on knowledge extracted from data. Does this mean that having data is always good, that having more data and extracting more Knowledge from it is better, and that knowledgecan be derived only from data? In this paper, author presents an overview of the common technologies used in BI Reporting side and the best practices around creation and consumption of dashboards. This paper is written from a developers' view keeping the day to day practices/ thumb rules used in corporate world and will be very helpful for folks with beginners to intermediate level of experience/exposure to BI Reporting. The content of this paper is purely experience based and enhances the concept that an "Intelligent decision making can only be done through an apt visualization".

No abstract

No abstract