The normal function of the urinary bladder is to store and expel urine in a coordinated, controlled fashion, the activity of which is regulated by the central and peripheral nervous systems. Neurogenic bladder is a term applied to a malfunctioning urinary bladder due to neurologic dysfunction or insult emanating from internal or external trauma, disease, or injury. This report describes a case of neurogenic bladder following laminectomy procedure and long-standing diabetes mellitus with neuropathy treated with autologous cellular therapy. The differentiation potential and paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells on bladder function have been highlighted.
Platelet rich plasma (PRP) is a biological product defined as a portion of the plasma fraction of autologous blood with a platelet concentration above the baseline. The plasma occupies 55% of blood, which is rich in immunoglobulins and proteins that have a wide range of applications in various medical fields. Plasma therapy is applied to tackle various disorders or diseases as it induces the body to develop new healthy cells. It contains important components like antibodies, coagulation factor, enzymes, fibrinogen, proteins and albumin. PRP is a unique and advanced treatment which helps to increases the body’s natural healing process. Platelet lysate which is obtained from platelet rich plasma consist of various growth factors such as chemokines, cytokines, and antibacterial molecules and also has anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-fibrotic and repairing effects. As PRP is rich in the proteins and several antibodies, it is used for various chronic therapies such as hemophilia and autoimmune disorders as well as in various severe health problems. Lyophilized Platelet-rich plasma (LPRP) therapy is currently used in various fields such as in tissue regeneration, wound healing, scar revision, skin rejuvenating effects, alopecia and for the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It is also used to heal wounds and illnesses. LPRP therapy is gaining attraction by many health professionals as it is a safe, effective, efficient, and easy approach in procuring, preserving, and therapy. In this review we described the advantages and applications of using lyophilized PRP in various diseases which might found to be effective in different treatment. Keywords: Plasma, Platelet, Growth Factors, Lyophilized platelet rich plasma.
The meniscus is a fibrocartilaginous tissue that acts as a “shock absorber,” along with performing functions such as stabilization and lubrication of the joint, proprioception, and load distribution. Sudden twisting movements during weight bearing or trauma can cause injury to the menisci, which leads to symptoms such as pain, swelling, and difficulty in performing movements, among others. Conventional pharmacological and surgical treatments are effective in treating the condition; however, do not result in regeneration of healthy tissues. In this report, we highlight the role of cell-based therapy in the management of medial and lateral meniscal and anterior cruciate ligament tears in a patient who was unwilling to undergo surgical treatment. We injected autologous mesenchymal stem cells obtained from the bone marrow and adipose tissue and platelet-rich plasma into the joint of the patient at the area of injury, as well as intravenously. The results of our study corroborate with those previously reported in the literature regarding the improvement in clinical parameters and regeneration of meniscal tissue and ligament. Thus, based on previous literature and improvements noticed in our patient, cell-based therapy can be considered a safe and effective therapeutic modality in the treatment of meniscal tears and cruciate ligament injury.
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex, heterogenous group of neurodevelopmental disorders that result due to interaction of genes and environmental factors. ASD is associated with behavioural alterations and deficits in social communication. Current research on pathophysiology has proposed a link between severity of symptoms of ASD and gastrointestinal disturbances. Intestinal inflammation, dysregulation of gut microbiome may affect intestinal permeability, mucosal immune function and subsequently cause GI symptoms. Studies have also proposed the role of metabolic activity of the gut microbiome and dietary components (food allergens/toxins) to be associated with behavioral alterations in neurodevelopmental conditions including ASD. The present review aims to highlight the potential role of nutrients and dietary changes on gastrointestinal pathology and symptoms of ASD.
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