Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of core needle biopsy as a diagnostic tool for palpable breast lumps in developing countries as compared to fine needle aspiration cytology .Material and Method: all patients attending the surgery outpatient department with palpable breast lumps were subjected to fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy by the same operator in a single session. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed by the standard technique. Core needle biopsy was done freehand using a 14G manual core biopsy needle. reporting categories of the two techniques were taken from the standard National Health Service Breast Screening Programme criteria and were compared with the final histopathology results.Results: a total of 107 patients underwent fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy simultaneously. Histopathology was available for 85 cases. Statistical analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology and core needle biopsy showed no significant difference between the diagnoses offered by core needle biopsy and histopathology while there was a significant difference between fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathology diagnoses. Conclusion:Core needle biopsy detected more breast carcinomas as compared to fine needle aspiration cytology with a sensitivity 95.83% as opposed to 64.58%. Though both the techniques were equally specific (100%), Core needle biopsy was able to correctly categorize borderline / inadequate lesions into definitely benign and malignant categories. We suggest that core needle biopsy should be preferred over fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of palpable breast lumps with fine needle aspiration cytology being reserved for definitely benign lesions.

Background: Lung cancer is the commonest cancer mortality in the world. In targeted therapy era, precise cytohistological diagnosis is offered traditionally by FNAC, Cell Block (CB) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB). However, little is known whether one technique is superior to other or all the three techniques complement each another. Therefore, this is a unique study as no other study has compared these techniques together till date. The objective of the study was to evaluate performance of FNAC, Cell block (CB) and Core Needle Biopsy (CNB) individually and comparing them with each other.Methods: This was a prospective study of 50 cases who underwent two passes-1st for FNAC smears and Cell Block and 2nd for CNB.Results: Material was Inadequate in 8 cases by FNAC 16 with Cell Block and 02 with CNB. When adequate, diagnosis and typing was possible by Cell Block (32) and CNB (48). In 08 FNAC cases having adequate material, cytological typing wasn’t possible. These 08 cases were typed by cell block as 07 malignant and 01 pre-malignant. The combined inadequate cases with cyto-technique (FNAC and Cell Block) were 04 compared to 02 cases on CNB. Combined sensitivity of Cyto-techniques was 95.4% compared to 97% on CNB. The specificity was 100% for both Cyto-techniques and CNB.Conclusions: Diagnostic adequacy and test parameters improved and approached CNB when both cyto-techniques are combined. So, we strongly recommend that Cell Block be made routine diagnostic procedure in all the government institutions especially for guided FNAC.

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Background: The extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is challenging to diagnose due to its pauci-bacillary nature. According to recent research, WHO recommends cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT) to be used as initial diagnostic test in suspected cases of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Aim of the present study is to assess the role of CBNAAT in comparison with cytomorphological features upon fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) stain in clinically suspected cases of EPTB.Methods: Present pilot study is descriptive cross-sectional study of 439 cases of clinically suspected EPTB over a period of 12 months (January 2019 to December 2019). After procedure of fine needle aspirates, smears were stained with routine H&E, papanicolaou stain and ZN stain. In the same setting, aspirate was also sent for CBNAAT. Results were obtained after detailed study.Results: Out of 439 cases, presumptive tuberculosis was diagnosed in 192 cases showing either epithelioid cell granulomas or caseous necrosis or both upon morphology, while overall 94 cases were positive on ZN stain and 146 cases were CBNAAT positive with the sensitivity of 84.04% and specificity of 80.57%.Conclusions: FNAC is the cheapest and simplest method to diagnose extrapulmonary tuberculosis, however those smears where tuberculosis cannot be diagnosed on FNAC like suppurative lesions, reactive lymphadenitis and low cellularity, CBNAAT plays a key role for the correct diagnosis thereby significantly reducing the morbidity and mortality.

Myofibromatosis (MFS) was recognized as a distinct form of childhood fibromatosis. Infantile myofibromatosis (IMF) is now identified as a solitary or multicentric tumor that predominantly occurs in neonates and infants. The adult counterpart of IMF, though of rare occurrence, is identified and is known as MFS. Morphological diagnosis of MFS is made by histopathological examination of the biopsy or surgically excised mass and confirmed on the basis of specific immunoprofile. We report a case of multicentric MFS occurring in an adolescent in whom diagnosis was suggested on the basis of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) that avoided surgical excision of multiple nodules. The diagnosis was later confirmed on histopathological study and contributory immunohistochemical markers. Details of the clinical features and cytological diagnosis of the case are provided to diminish the paucity of available literature on FNAC diagnosis of the rare disease.