Leishmaniasis is a vector borne parasitic disease caused by obligate intracellular protozoa Leishmania and is transmitted by the bite of sand fly. The disease typically presents in visceral, cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms and is endemic in some states of India. Cases with atypical presentation are seen when patient has co- infection with HIV. We report a case of Leishmaniasis occurring in a HIV seropositive expectant mother diagnosed initially on fine needle aspiration cytology. The patient was resident of non endemic area and had presented with isolated cervical lymphadenopathy and fever without spleenomegaly. Characteristic morphological features of Leishmania seen in the fine needle aspiration smears from the neck nodes were identified and definitive diagnosis of Leishmaniasis could be given. Cytological features were not suggestive of any other disease. Timely diagnosis of the disease facilitated proper management in our patient.
Myofibromatosis (MFS) was recognized as a distinct form of childhood fibromatosis. Infantile myofibromatosis (IMF) is now identified as a solitary or multicentric tumor that predominantly occurs in neonates and infants. The adult counterpart of IMF, though of rare occurrence, is identified and is known as MFS. Morphological diagnosis of MFS is made by histopathological examination of the biopsy or surgically excised mass and confirmed on the basis of specific immunoprofile. We report a case of multicentric MFS occurring in an adolescent in whom diagnosis was suggested on the basis of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) that avoided surgical excision of multiple nodules. The diagnosis was later confirmed on histopathological study and contributory immunohistochemical markers. Details of the clinical features and cytological diagnosis of the case are provided to diminish the paucity of available literature on FNAC diagnosis of the rare disease.
Tumoral calcinosis (TC) is a rare benign clinical and histological entity. It presents as tumour-like periarticular deposits of calcium in hip, shoulder and elbow regions. Idiopathic tumoral calcinosis (TC) is different from the secondary calcium deposition associated with terminal renal diseases, hypervitaminosis D and milk alkali syndrome with disturbed calcium metabolism. There are no demonstrable abnormalities of calcium metabolism in Idiopathic TC. TC predominantly affects children and young adults and is rare in old age. When TC occurs in old patients, possibility of other differential diagnoses need to be considered and ruled out with the help of morphological examination of the tumorous swelling. Two cases of TC that occurred in 65 and 75 year old females respectively were initially diagnosed on the basis of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) findings of the swellings and later confirmed by histopathological examination of the excised tissue. Diagnostic biopsies were avoided in these patients. Cytological study can prove to be a rapid and reliable method of preoperative morphological diagnosis of tumoral calcinosis.
Aggressive angiomyxoma (AA) is a soft-tissue tumor of mesenchymal origin. It is rare type of tumor occurs commonly in genital, perineal or pelvic
region in reproductive age female. It's occurrence in male is very rare and acral site being extremely rare. It exhibits marked tendency for local
recurrence and hence the name aggressive. It has risk of distant metastasis though it is extremely low. We report a case of AA in a 34-year-old male
presenting with right arm swelling. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the growth was not of much signicance. The tumor was excised and
submitted for histopathological examination. A diagnosis of aggressive angiomyxoma was made based on characteristic histological features.
Recently, the terminology has been changed to deep angiomyxoma instead of aggressive as the recurrences occur many years after the initial
excision. In fact, it has become evident that these neoplasms have a favorable, less aggressive course if initially completely excised with negative
margins.Wide local excision with 1-cm margin is considered optimal. Inspite of rarity of angiomyxoma incidence, it is extremely rare in males and
site as well.
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