Nasal solutions of Salbutamol Sulphate were prepared for sustaining its release and improving its bioavailability. Carbopol was used as a key ingredient to effect pH induced sol to gel conversion of the formulations. Different formulations were prepared by varying the concentrations of Carbopol 934 and Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose. These formulations were evaluated for parameters like pH, drug content, viscosity, gel strength and drug release. Release profile of some formulations showed rapid phase while some showed slow phase. At extreme low concentrations of the polymers, the formulations drained out due to poor viscosity while at higher concentrations of the same the formulations formed stiff gel and showed slow release of drug. Finally optimized formulation with specific concentrations of carbopol 934 and Hydroxyl Propyl Methyl Cellulose showed pH induced sol-gel conversion, sustained release and higher bioavailability
This study reports the effect of embelin (1) on cutaneous wound in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The effect was studied using excision, incision, and dead space models. In diabetic rats, topical application of embelin 5% (w/w) ointment showed a significant increase in wound contraction and better epithelialization, thereby facilitating the healing. Embelin was also active by the oral route (25 and 50 mg/kg) in the incision and dead space wound models. In incision wound model, wound granulation tissues were removed on 8th post-wounding day, and the hydroxyproline, hexosamine, total protein, and DNA contents were determined. In STZ diabetic rats, topical and oral applications of embelin showed an increase in hydroxyproline, hexosamine, total protein, and DNA contents. It also showed a significant increase in wound breaking strength. Embelin significantly increased granuloma tissue weight and breaking strength in dead space model. These results indicated that embelin accelerated wound healing in diabetic rat.
Acorus calamus is widely used in traditional medicine in various ailments. However, there is no toxicological information available regarding its safety after exposure. The present study was designed to evaluate potential toxicity of an ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus Linn. rhizomes after acute and chronic administration in Wistar rats. In the acute toxicity study, female Wistar rats were treated with ethanolic extract by oral gavage at dose levels of 175, 550, 1750 and 5000 mg/kg body weight according to OECD 425. Animals were observed periodically during the first 24 h after administration of the extract, and daily thereafter for 14 days. In the chronic toxicity study, the ethanolic extract of Acorus calamus was administered orally at doses of 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body weight daily for 90 days in Wistar rats. The effects on clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, organ weight, haematology, clinical biochemistry, as well as histology, were studied. No mortality was observed, but clinical signs like abdominal breathing, piloerection and tremors were observed for 30 min in rats dosed with 1750 mg and 5000 mg/kg body weight of extract. No statistical significant data in body weight and feed consumption were observed. Haematological and biochemical analysis showed no marked differences in any of the parameters. Pathologically, neither gross abnormalities nor histopathological changes were observed. The ethanolic extract of A. calamus does not appear to have toxicity on acute and chronic administration in Wistar rats.
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