Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4 RD) has a fair prognosis but its diagnosis has been difficult due to the condition's wide range of clinical manifestations, limited awareness among common practitioners, and various differentials. Here, we present a case of an elderly male who presented with recurrent dental caries, recurrent sinusitis, persistent dry mouth, and dry eyes along with bilateral parotid gland enlargement without any lymphadenopathy. The patient was evaluated further and found to have elevated levels of IgG4 and on histopathological examination of the parotid gland showed lymphocytic infiltrate with germinal centers without any granulomatous lesions and IgG4-positive plasma cells on immunohistochemistry (IHC). The patient was diagnosed with IgG4 RD and was started on corticosteroids, after which there was a symptomatic improvement.
While the spin-to-orbital angular momentum (AM) conversion and the spin-Hall effect are widely investigated effects of the spin-orbit interaction of light, the inverse orbital-to-spin AM conversion has rarely been paid attention to. The pairwise first-order effects concerning the influence of the intrinsic and extrinsic orbital AM on the spin AM of light are a part of the orbital-to-spin AM conversion. These effects manifest as changes in the spin content under symmetric and broken symmetric conditions of the optical system. Furthermore, the second-order effects of the combined influence of the intrinsic and extrinsic orbital AM on the spin AM of light still remain unexplored. To this end, we demonstrate the orbital-to-spin AM conversion for off-axis propagation of spin-free optical vortex (OV) beam incident at different input positions on a GRIN rod and as a function of the topological charge of the OV beam. The changes in the output beam polarization measured and quantified through the S3 Stokes parameter is seen to increase as a function of the charge and off-axis position of the OV beam and exhibits asymmetry for + andcharges of the OV beam. The differential trajectory and the orbital-Berry phase for + andcharges OV beams lead to the measured variation of the S3 parameter. Understanding such intricate effects can potentially be helpful in various applications including optical communication, particle manipulation, light-guiding, and finding the signature patterns of fundamental interaction of light related to higher-order OV, HG, Poincaré, and vector-vortex beams.
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