X-ray-induced acoustic computed tomography (XACT) has emerged as a promising imaging modality with broad applications in both biomedicine and nondestructive testing. The previous XACT imaging systems require thousands of averages to achieve reasonable images. Here, we report the experimental demonstration of single-shot XACT imaging of a metal object using a single-shot 50 ns x-ray pulse. A two-stage dedicated amplification and a 128-channel parallel data acquisition configuration were introduced for XACT imaging to enable sufficient acoustic signal amplification and maintain an overall low noise level for single-shot XACT imaging. Details of the system design are presented; the improved signal-to-noise ratio (>23 dB) and image reconstruction have been demonstrated with a ring ultrasound transducer array imaging system. The study paves the way for realizing real-time XACT imaging and its potential applications in image-guided intervention.
Photo-acoustic tomography is a hybrid imaging modality, that combines the advantages of optical as well as ultrasound imaging techniques to produce images with high resolution and good contrast at high penetration depths. Choice of reconstruction algorithm as well as experimental and computational parameters plays a major role in governing the accuracy of a tomographic technique. Therefore error estimates with the variation of these parameters have extreme importance. Due to the finite support, that photo-acoustic source has, the pressure signals are not band-limited, but in practice, our detection system is. Hence the reconstructed image from ideal, noiseless band-limited forward data (for future references we will call this band-limited reconstruction) is the best approximation that we have for the unknown object. In the present study, we report the error that arises in the universal back-projection (UBP) based photo-acoustic reconstruction for planer detection geometry due to sampling and filtering of forward data (pressure signals).Computational validation of the error estimates have been carried out for synthetic phantoms. Validation with noisy forward data has also been carried out, to study the effect of noise on the error estimates derived in our work. Although here we have derived the estimates for planar detection geometry, the derivations for spherical and cylindrical geometries follow accordingly.
Fiber-optic probes are imperative for in-vivo diagnosis of cancer. Depending on the access to a diseased organ and the mutations one aims to sense, the probe designs vary. We carry out a detailed numerical study of the efficacy of the common probe geometries for epithelial cancer characterization based on spatially resolved reflectance data. As per the outcomes of this comparative study, a probe has been manufactured and using Monte Carlo look up table based inversion scheme, the absorption and scattering coefficients of the epithelium mimicking top layer have been recovered from noisy synthetic as well as experimental data.
Objective: Proton therapy as the next generation radiation-based cancer therapy offers dominant advantages over conventional radiation therapy due to the utilization of the Bragg peak; however, range uncertainty in beam delivery substantially mitigates the advantages of proton therapy. This work reports using protoacoustic measurements to determine the location of proton Bragg peak deposition within a water phantom in real time during beam delivery. Approach: In protoacoustics, proton beams have a definitive range, depositing a majority of the dose at the Bragg peak; this dose is then converted to heat. The resulting thermoelastic expansion generates a 3D acoustic wave, which can be detected by acoustic detectors to localize the Bragg peak. Main results: Protoacoustic measurements were performed with a synchrocyclotron proton machine over the exhaustive energy range from 45.5MeV to 227.15MeV in clinic. It was found that the amplitude of the acoustic waves is proportional to proton dose deposition, and therefore encodes dosimetric information. With the guidance of protoacoustics, each individual proton beam (7pC/pulse) can be directly visualized with sub-millimeter (<0.7 mm) resolution using single beam pulse for the first time. Significance: The ability to localize the Bragg peak in real-time and obtain acoustic signals proportional to dose within tumors could enable precision proton therapy and hope to progress towards in-vivo measurements.
We propose a one step algorithm to recover the exogenous fluorescent markers concentration from boundary photoacoustic measurements. We numerically validate the proposed scheme in two dimension.
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