Oxidative stress and inflammation have been implicated in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and complication of diabetes. The present study was designed to evaluate whether resveratrol has cerebroprotective action through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in diabetic rats. Bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (30 min) and reperfusion (4 h) was employed to induce cerebral infarction in diabetic Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozocine (50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally at once. Diabetic animals were divided into groups as: normal, sham, ischemia-reperfusion, and resveratrol-treated (5, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg). These were used for estimation of cerebral infarction. Furthermore, 20 mg/kg dose was selected for estimation of oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase). Inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and myeloperoxidase were estimated and histological characters were studied. Resveratrol produced dose-dependent reduction in percent cerebral infarction. With resveratrol of 20 mg/kg dose, levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory markers like malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-6, and myeloperoxidase were reduced and there was a significant increase in the levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers like catalase, superoxide dismutase, and IL-10. In the present study, we found that mechanism(s) responsible for the cerebroprotective effect of resveratrol in the diabetic rat brain involves antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions.
Oxidative stress and inflammation are two important pathological mechanisms involved in cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury. In pathological conditions such as cerebral infarction, the free radical production is greater than that of elimination by endogenous anti-oxidant system, by this undesirable effect brain is highly injured. Resveratrol is reported to have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory, athero-protective activities. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to evaluate the therapeutic potential of resveratrol against cerebral infarction induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury in Wistar rats. Bi-common carotid occlusion followed by 4 h reperfusion model was used to induce cerebral infarction. Percent infarction, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde, catalase, superoxide dismutase) and inflammatory markers (myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1 and IL-10) were measured. TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and intracellular adhesive molecule-I (ICAM-1) levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Resveratrol produced significant dose-dependent reduction in percent cerebral infarct volume. At resveratrol 20 mg/kg dose, there was a significant reduction in oxidative stress and inflammatory markers like malondialdehyde, TNF-α, IL-6, myeloperoxidase and ICAM-I and in contrast there was a significant increase in anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory markers like superoxide dismutase, catalase and IL-10 levels. Resveratrol showed significant cerebroprotective action mediated by anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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