Mobile ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes which are dynamically and arbitrarily located in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on a continual basis. In order to facilitate communication within the network, a routing protocol is used to discover routes between nodes. This paper examined routing protocols by varying CBR traffic but having identical mobility and stationary environmental conditions for ad hoc network. The simulation results obtained using GloMoSim simulator after comparing different ad hoc routing protocols named AODV, DSR, BFD and WRP based on throughput, collision and byte loss as performance parameters. The detailed simulation results and their analysis is presented. An appropriate and best choice of routing protocol is little difficult situation for some network. As shown in graphs, AODV, DSR routing protocol performs better corresponding to Throughput and Collision performance metrics and BFD algorithm perform slightly better corresponding to Byte Loss performance metrics.
The principal method of raising public funds by a private firm is Initial Public Offerings (IPOs). This area has attracted researcher’s attention (40,559 publications) because when private firms go public, they have different decision-making processes, goals, attitudes, performance and corporate governance. We examined the publication trend in the field of family firm IPOs with the help of bibliometric data extracted from Scopus because familyownership is a prominent feature of firms worldwide. The search string used includes “Family Firm” and a wildcard “IPO”, which yielded only 64 peerreviewed articles written in English Language. Thus, family firm IPOs is an under-researched area but have been growing rapidly. The paper has done bibliometric analysis using VOS viewer software and systematic literature review to objectively identify influential authors, seminal works, emerging topics and directions for future research.The study has identified a significant scope for future research given the limited number of influential articles mainly by developed nations focusing on Agency, SEW(Socio-Emotional Wealth) and Signaling theory only.
In this paper, we have carried out Projective Synchronization(PS) using Backstepping Design and Function Projective Synchronization(FPS) by Adaptive Control Scheme between two identical chaotic systems evolving from different initial conditions. The first method is applied when the two systems are certain in nature whereas when the systems contain uncertain time-varying parameters, second method is found to be successful. Further, comparing the two synchronization phenomena, FPS is a more general form of PS. These methods are applied to a model of chaotic dumbell satellite which is under periodic external disturbances and numerical simulations are carried out which confirm our analytical findings.
Agriculture, with its allied sectors, is the largest source of livelihoods in India. One third its rural households still depend primarily on agriculture for their livelihood, with 86 percent of farmers being small and marginal. Millets (sorghum, pearl millet and small millets) are the important food and fodder crops in semi-arid tropics. Millets are important cereals which play a significant role in the food and nutrition security of developing countries of Asia and Africa, especially in India, Nigeria. Sorghum (jowar) is one of the main coarse cereal crops of India. Sorghum is widely grown both for food and as a feed grain, while millets are produced almost entirely for food. The economic importance of the millets is increasing in terms of feed value, particularly that of sorghum though it is grown in contrasting situations in different parts of the world. The economic importance of the millets is increasing in terms of feed value, particularly that of sorghum though it is grown in contrasting situations in different parts of the world. Sorghum is the fourth most important food grain in India after Rice, Wheat, and Maize. During 1950-51, it was grown over 15.57 million hectares with a total production of 5.50 million Tones. Though the area under Sorghum in India has declined over time, production has remained more or less constant due to increase in yield. The present study is based on secondary data for the 60 years. The study examines growth rates of area, production and yield of Sorghum in India and as well as major Sorghum growing states. In order to examine the degree of relationship in area, production and yield, the statistical tools have been used. The study indicates that there will be deficit case of in the coming years which is a matter of concern. There is a scope for augmenting the production in the short run by improving the productivity without increasing the area through popularizing new varieties, expanding certified seed distribution, and improving crop management practices.
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