Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is an important perennial grass of Poaceae family, indigenous to tropical South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is cultivated worldwide due to the economical and medicinal value of its high yielding products. Sugarcane juice is well known as a raw material for the production of refined sugar and its wax is considered as a potential substitute for the expensive carnauba wax, which is of cosmetic and pharmaceutical interest. Refined sugar is the primary product of sugarcane juice, but during its processing, various other valuable products are also obtained in an unrefined form, such as, brown sugar, molasses, and jaggery. Sugarcane juice is widely used in India in the treatment of jaundice, hemorrhage, dysuria, anuria, and other urinary diseases. Herein, we have summarized the different phytoconstituents and health benefits of sugarcane and its valuable products. The phytochemistry of sugarcane wax (obtained from the leaves and stalks of sugarcane), leaves, juice, and its products has revealed the presence of various fatty acid, alcohol, phytosterols, higher terpenoids, flavonoids, -O- and -C-glycosides, and phenolic acids. The future prospective of some of the sugarcane products has been discussed, which needs a phytopharmacological study and has a great potential to be a valuable medicinal product.

Introduction: Eucalyptus globulus Labill synonym blue gum tree (Family: Myrtaceae) is an evergreen tree, one of the most widely cultivated trees native to Australia, South Africa, India and Southern Europe. The bark was used against toothaches and gum aches.The leaves were used against headaches which occured on one side of the head. Eucalyptus globulus Labill synonym blue gum tree (Family: Myrtaceae) possess antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antimalarial and Antioxidant properties. Methods: The present study will assist in standardization parameters like morphological characters, microscopic evaluation, physicochemical evaluations (loss on drying, ash values, extractive values), preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC chromatographic profile of the extract were carried out and the quantitative parameters were reported. Results: Chief macroscopic and microscopic characters include lamina with secretory cavity. Lower palisade cells, Lateral vein, secretory cavity, Spongy mesophyll, Upper palisade, stomata and with terminal clusters of sclereids. Conclusion: These studies provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of this plant material.

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Efficient and simple detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) is an essential step in minimizing the potentially lethal consequences of chemical weapons. CWAs are a family of organic chemicals that are used as chemical weapons because of their enormous severity and lethal effects when faced with unforeseen challenges. To stop the spread of CWAs, it is critical to develop a platform that detects them in a sensitive, timely, selective, and minimally invasive manner. Rapid advances in the demand for on-site sensors, metal nanoparticles, and biomarker identification for CWAs have made it possible to use fluorescence as a precise real-time and point-of-care (POCT) testing technique. For POCT-based applications, the new capabilities of micro- and nanomotors offer enormous prospects. In recent decades, significant progress has been made in the design of fluorescent sensors and the further development of noble metal nanoparticles for the detection of organophosphorus CWAs, as described in this review. Through this work, recent attempts to fabricate sensors that can detect organophosphorus CWAs through changes in their fluorescence properties have been summarized. Finally, an integrated outlook on how noble metal nanoparticles could be used to develop smart sensors for organophosphorus CWAs that communicate with and control electronic devices to monitor and improve the health of individuals.