This paper gives information on 76 species of wood destroying fungi, collected in Iranian forests and from logs and board in sawmills. The majority of the records are new and arc mentioned here for the first time.
Introduction: Busulfan is one of the common cancer treatment drugs with infertility side effects. Fennel and cinnamon are two medicinal plants with fertility enhancement properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of fennel and cinnamon on busulfan induced infertile rats. Materials and Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups including: sham group: healthy rats without intervention, control group: Busulfan treated rats, fennel group: busulfan and fennel extract treated, fennel and cinnamon group: busulfan, fennel and cinnamon extract treatment. Testicular tissues were sampled and the testicular physical parameters and spermatogenesis level were evaluated by H & E staining and optical microscopy imaging. Results: The biggest and the smallest testis lengths were observed in cinnamon + fennel and fennel groups respectively (P < 0.05). The highest and lowest sperm levels were observed in the cinnamon + fennel group and fennel group respectively (P < 0.001). The total average of reproductive cells was the most in the cinnamon + fennel group (208.88) and had the least level in the control group (81.2). Conclusions: The combined extract of fennel and cinnamon significantly protect the testicular tissues against infertility effect of busulfan. However, the fennel extract alone increased the effect of busulfan in rats.
Background and Aim: Atorvastatin is one of the medicines used for the treatment of high blood cholesterol which recently has been shown to have antioxidant effects in the cell. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on the growth and quality of immature mouse oocytes in vitro. Materials and Methods: 400 oocytes were prepared from ovaries of 40 NMRI mice and divided into two groups of control (culture medium) and atorvastatin (culture medium + 2 μM atorvastatin). Then oocyte qualitative parameters including zona pellucida thickness (ZP), Perivitelline space size (PVS) and oocyte diameter (OD) were determined using invert microscope and image-J software. Results: Quantitative parameters of zona pellucida thickness and oocyte diameter were increased in the atorvastatin group compared to those in the control group. In the evaluation of oocytes quality, the number of oocytes exhibiting +1 score in the atorvastatin and control groups were (70%) and (55.4%) respectively, which showed a significant difference between the two groups (P≤0.05). The numbers of polar bodies exhibiting +1 score in the atorvastatin and control groups were (36.18%) and (18.5%) respectively (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Use of atorvastatin had a significant effect on the growth and final quality of the immature oocytes in vitro and it can possibly be used to increase the efficiency of in vitro fertilization in the future.
Oriental beech is the economically most important tree species of Iranian productive forests. Until now some 43 insect species are related to Oriental beech as a host tree in Iran, the majority not being very host specific bark and wood borers.
Impact, damage and losses with regard to silvicultural treatment and wood utilization of beech in Iran, that are or can be clearly related to insects, is remarkably low. It is looked at the preserved natural state and structure of this forest type and the applied exploitation practices, to explain this. However, knowledge on local development and behaviour patterns of the insects concerned is not yet complete and the present opinion might change as a result of further detailed studies into interrelationships with other sources of forest damage. At the same time may the introduction of intensive management practices, under way at present, bring about an essential change of knowledge of the role some of these insects will play in future.
Close observation of all changes from the point of view of forest entomology is necessary.
Zusammenfassung
Schädliche Insekten der Orientbuche (Fagus orientalis ssp. macrophylla) im Iran und ihre forstwirtschaftliche Bedeutung
Die Orientbuche ist die forstwirtschaftlich wichtigste Holzart im Iran. Bislang wurden 43 schädliche Insektenarten an und in dieser Buchenart gefunden, worunter die wichtigsten unspezifische Borken‐ und Bockkäfer sind. Über Befall, Schadwirkungen und Verluste durch Schadinsekten an Orientbuche wissen wir z. Z. noch sehr wenig. Die Kenntnise über die Abwehrkräfte der Buche sowie über das Verhalten der schädlichen Insekten müssen auf Grund detaillierter Studien verbreitert und intensiviert werden, wobei die gegenwärtig entwickelten neuen Methoden der intensiven Forstnutzung mit zu berücksichtigen sind.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.