Tourism background in South AfricaThe City of Tshwane is an administrative capital of the country where the Union buildings (the offices of the South African President) are located. It has a rich history. The city hosts the largest number of embassies in the world after Washington, DC (travelstartblog 2017). There are many tourist attractions in Pretoria including the Pretoria Zoo, Freedom Park, the Voortrekker Monument, just to mention a few. The status quo of Tshwane Tourism consists of a variety of components including tourism products, marketing, infrastructure, human resource, small micro medium enterprise (SMME) and entrepreneurial development and investment development plans. Background:The cross-cutting nature of the tourism industry is one of the defining features or characteristics of the sector. There is a high rate of interdependence in the tourism industry; hence, it is dubbed to be having a multiplier effect (direct, indirect and induced). Objectives:The aim of the study is to investigate the supply chain (SC) drivers and barriers of the businesses operating in the tourism industry in Pretoria.Method: A self-administered questionnaire was used to identify the drivers and barriers within the tourism SC (TSC). Convenience sampling was implemented among 179 businesses operating in Pretoria. Results:The results revealed that customer relationship management is an SC driver for tourism operation in Pretoria. The barriers incorporate issues such as being insensitive to the environment, not developing environmental-friendly SCs and logistics practices and not being able to assess the performance against criteria defined in the organisation's policy. Moreover, the study presents the mitigation plan approach to deal with the TSC barriers in the near future. Conclusion:Innovation that strengthens inter-sectoral planning and collaboration is pivotal for effective coordination.
The growth of tourism in South Africa after the end of apartheid can be associated with the growth of various forms of special interest tourism. Religious tourism as a form of special interest tourism is possibly the most important contributor of tourism geographical dispersion in South Africa. South Africa's religious tourism is dominated by Christian religious pilgrimage. Religious pilgrimages produce positive spin off for many destinations in South Africa, which may not be regarded as traditional tourism destinations. Religious-linked domestic travel continues to dominate domestic tourism expenditure. The existence of several African Initiated Churches such as the Zion Christian Church and the Nazareth Baptist Church attract several million worshippers during their religious pilgrimages, attracting worshippers beyond South Africa. Robben Island, which is a shrine for the anti-apartheid struggle, has a glorious Muslim resistance history, which is yet to be exploited by the Robben Island Museum. This chapter adds to the academic literature on religious tourism.
This article explores the tourism migration within the South African context, thereby focusing on the current dynamics, challenges and future prospects. Tourism and migration are significant towards globalisation. Almost all countries have jumped on the tourism bandwagon as a result of the positive economic benefits that include improving the balance of payments, attracting foreign exchange, and increasing state coffers through the taxation of non-residents. South Africa has also adopted tourism into the developmental policies. Although Africa's share of the global tourism market remains less than 10%, the continental bodies such as the African Union under the wing NEPAD recognises that tourism and migration as an important factor to societies. This paper adopts the content analysis to address the tourism migration, dynamics, challenges and future prospects as a critical phenomenon. Tourism has deep characteristics of a plantation economy that does not benefit the majority of the societies, particularly in South Africa. Despite being a geographical dispersed country, the tourism industry in South Africa faces numerous challenges such as the integration of Black South Africans as product owners; reported high rates of crimes, lack of integration of locals in the tourism industry, the lack of aviation competition, paucity of ports of entry, and most recently the cyber-crime and the visa regulations etc. However, South African tourism remains resilient as a major destination due to its fauna and flora and increasing market niches are developing such as adventure tourism, health tourism and volunteer tourism. South Africa plans to be one of the top 20 destinations by 2020; steps are in place to ensure that South Africa achieves this objective.
The relationship in the tourism supply chain management could in turn be a catalyst towards development of the sectoring the continent. Th is paper explore areas of integration in the tourism supply chain among Regional Economic Communities (REC’s) through contextualization of a comparative advantage to increase the share of the tourism business in Africa as a catalyst to development in the African continent. This paper adopted the text analysis that is used in social science research and involves “drawing inferences from a comparative advantage theory”. In this case, large volumes of contents are analysed. Themes that emerged revealed that a well-managed tourism supply chain in the country and in the Regional Economic Communities (REC’s) could stimulate the infrastructural development and preserve natural and historical heritage. TSCM has the ability to support the society. There is a dire need to liberalize air flight and visa regimes to benefit from the share of tourism in the REC’s in the African continent. The implication is that tourism distribution can be achieved through the recognition of the nature of strategic coordination between partners in the RECS and can also improve the performance of the tourism sector in the continent. For companies that are involved in the effective supply chain, they could benefit from coordination and communication through the distribution channels that support the core service or product.
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