Four new flavonoids (1−4), a new benzyl benzoate derivative (5), five new oxepinones (6−10), and 14 known compounds (11−24) were isolated from the leaf and twig extracts of Desmos cochinchinensis. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods. The structure of 1 was also confirmed by X-ray diffraction data. The absolute configurations of 3, 4, and 6−10 were determined from comparisons of their ECD spectra with those of relevant reported compounds. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 8, 10, 12−15, and 17 showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC 50 values ranging from 0.2 to 4.9 μM.
Desmos cochinchinensisLour. is a shrub belonging to the Annonaceae family, which is distributed throughout tropical and subtropical Asia. 1−5 This plant is used for the treatment of malaria in the South of China. 4 The genus produces various types of compounds including terpenoids, 1,4 alkaloids, 6−8 chalcones, 9,10 and flavonoids. 2,3,7,11−13 Some of these compounds showed cytotoxicity, 5 anti-HIV, 14 and aromatase inhibitory activities. 2,3 In an ongoing search for compounds showing α-glucosidase inhibitory activities from Annonacea plants, we have studied the twig and leaf extracts of D. cochinchinensis collected from
The first phytochemical investigation ofFriesodielsia desmoidesleaves and twigs led to the isolation and identification of three new hybrid flavan–flavanones, friesodielsones A–C (1–3), together with 18 known compounds (4–21).
The phytochemical investigation of the twig and root extracts of Erythrina subumbrans (Hassk.) Merr. (Fabaceae) resulted in the isolation and identification of a new pterocarpan, erythrinocarpan (1), along with 27 known compounds (2-28). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties. Compounds 3, 8, 9, and 22 had α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC 50 values of 13.4 AE 0.05, 24.5 AE 0.13, 29.0 AE 0.05, and 12.8 AE 0.14 μM, respectively, while compound 2 inhibited α-amylase activity with an IC 50 value of 67.6 AE 1.12 μM. Compounds 22 and 24 inhibited glycation activity with the IC 50 values of 36.9 AE 0.62 and 40.5 AE 0.37 μM, respectively. From cell-based assays, compound 27 showed the highest ability to induce glucose consumption (IC 50 29.1 AE 0.86 μM) and glucose uptake (2.8-fold), and to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production (IC 50 52.5 AE 0.56 μM) without cell toxicity. Furthermore, compound 9 showed antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi with MIC values ranging from 2-4 μg/mL.
Phytochemical investigation of Garcinia propinqua roots led to the isolation and identification of a new xanthone, doitunggarcinone D (1), together with 15 known compounds (2–16). Their structures were elucidated by intensive analysis of spectroscopic data. Compounds 3, 6, 7, 14, 15 and 16 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis TISTR 088 with MIC values in the range of 1–4 μg/mL. Compounds 3, 7, 10 and 14 also showed good antibacterial activity against B. cereus TISTR 688 with MIC values ranging from 4–8 μg/mL.
The first phytochemical investigation of Casearia graveolens twigs led to the isolation and identification of a new clerodane diterpene, caseariagraveolin (1), together with six known compounds (2-7). Their structures were elucidated by intensive analysis of their spectroscopic data. Compound 1 showed strong cytotoxicity against oral cavity and breast cancer cell lines with IC 50 values of 2.48 and 6.63 µM, respectively.
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