In December 2019, an outbreak of unknown acute respiratory tract infection originated in Wuhan, China. 1 Shortly after first lower respiratory tract infection cases, the World Health Organization (WHO) named this newly emerged coronavirus as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its resultant disease as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2,3 Coronaviruses are a large class of viruses that often cause mild-to-moderate upper respiratory tract infection.

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The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family receptors were discovered in immune cells for the first time. The SLAM-family receptors are a significant player in cytotoxicity, humoral immune responses, autoimmune diseases, lymphocyte development, cell survival, and cell adhesion. There is growing evidence that SLAM-family receptors have been involved in cancer progression and heralded as a novel immune checkpoint on T cells. Previous studies have reported the role of SLAMs in tumor immunity in various cancers, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, acute myeloid leukemia, hepatocellular carcinoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, pancreas, lung, and melanoma. Evidence has deciphered that the SLAM-family receptors may be targeted for cancer immunotherapy. However, our understanding in this regard is not complete. This review will discuss the role of SLAM-family receptors in cancer immunotherapy. It will also provide an update on recent advances in SLAM-based targeted immunotherapies.

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