Immunological Tolerance

Farhangnia, Pooya; Akbarpour, Mahzad

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818731-9.00165-8

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 225 publications

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“…Additionally, failure in the generation and/or function of regulatory T (T reg ) cells and regulatory B (B reg ) cells, key in the development of immunologic tolerance ( Box 1 ), may also be involved in the induction of autoimmune responses [ 7 ]. Immune tolerance responses encompass the development and engagement of specific tolerogenic cellular and humoral responses to retain and also expand mechanisms of immune regulation [ 8 ]. Akin to inducing an antigen-specific protective immune response, many steps can go awry and disturb the development of tolerance, promoting autoreactive and autoimmune responses.…”

Section: Autoimmunity and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic alterations of the immune system in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

Blanco

Kaplan

2023

PLoS Biol

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Systemic autoimmune diseases are characteristically associated with aberrant autoreactive innate and adaptive immune responses that lead to tissue damage and increased morbidity and mortality. Autoimmunity has been linked to alterations in the metabolic functions of immune cells (immunometabolism) and, more specifically, to mitochondrial dysfunction. Much has been written about immunometabolism in autoimmunity in general, so this Essay focuses on recent research into the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity that is characteristic of systemic autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Enhancing the understanding of mitochondrial dysregulation in autoimmunity will hopefully contribute to accelerating the development of immunomodulatory treatments for these challenging diseases.

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Section: Autoimmunity and Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic alterations of the immune system in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases

Blanco

Kaplan

2023

PLoS Biol

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“…Immune tolerance is a characteristic of the immune system designed to avoid and contain immune responses that could damage the host [1]. Self-tolerance and tolerance to innocuous environmental antigens prevent autoimmune, allergic and chronic-inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune tolerance is maintained via two main mechanisms: central tolerance and peripheral tolerance [1]. Central tolerance is acquired owing to the negative selection during B and T lymphocyte development in primary lymphoid organs (thymus and bone marrow).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, T cells are particularly prone to self-reactivity since they must also recognize self-peptide-MHC complexes to survive thymic selection. Hence, there is a need for secondary mechanisms of tolerance in the periphery [1]. There are several mechanisms of peripheral immune tolerance, including the acquisition of anergy by auto-reactive lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Regulatory T Cells to Treat Inflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases

Fiyouzi

Pelaez-Prestel

Reyes-Manzanas

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune responses and are essential to maintain immune homeostasis and self-tolerance. Hence, it is no coincidence that autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders are associated with defects in Tregs. These diseases have currently no cure and are treated with palliative drugs such as immunosuppressant and immunomodulatory agents. Thereby, there is a great interest in developing medical interventions against these diseases based on enhancing Treg cell function and numbers. Here, we give an overview of Treg cell ontogeny and function, paying particular attention to mucosal Tregs. We review some notable approaches to enhance immunomodulation by Tregs with therapeutic purposes including adoptive Treg cell transfer therapy and discuss relevant clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease. We next introduce ways to expand mucosal Tregs in vivo using microbiota and dietary products that have been the focus of clinical trials in various autoimmune and chronic-inflammatory diseases.

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