Objective: The present study examines the chemical composition of essential oil of Ruta graveolens and antioxidant activity of petroleum ether and methanol extracts of dry leaves of R. graveolens which belongs to Rutaceae family found in many parts of the India. There are few reports are available for its essential oil in India. Methods:The fresh leaves were hydrodistilled by Clevenger type apparatus, the obtained essential oil was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The petroleum ether and methanol extracts were tested for antioxidant activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) methods. Results:The GC-MS results showed that 2-nonanol (34.25), 2-nonanone (32.15) and nonyl ester (15.43) are the major components and some of the other minor compounds are 2-dodecanone (2.77), tridecanone (2.54) and tumeronol (2.16). The preliminary phytochemical investigation of petroleum ether and methanol extracts showed the presence of carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, furanocoumarins, fatty acids and alkaloids. Hence, an attempt was made to find the possible sources for future novel antioxidants in food and pharmaceutical formulations. Conclusions:GC-MS studies indicated that 2-nonanone (32.15) and nonyl ester (15.43) are the major components. The methanol extract showed highest inhibitory concentration values for DPPH (19.50±1.25 µg/ml) and ABTS (48.32±0.9 µg/ml) and petroleum ether extract showed moderate activity, both results are comparable with standard employed for each method.
Objective: The present chemical investigation is carried out for the isolation of active phytoconstituents of Richardia scabra Linn. belongs to Rubiaceae family from petroleum ether and methanol extract and found out in vitro cytotoxic potential of novel compound heraclenin.Methods: Air dried plant material was macerated with petroleum ether and defatted plant was introduced in Soxhlet apparatus with methanol. Both extracts were subjected to column chromatography for isolation of active chemicals.Result: Two novel coumarins from the methanol extract and one fatty acid from the petroleum ether extract were isolated from Richardia. Oleic acid, heraclenin, and isopsoralen were isolated for the first time in the genus Richardia. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of the heraclenin was evaluated with HeLa cell line and cell cycle arrest by fluorescent assisted cell sorting analysis. Conclusion:The result revealed that the heraclenin has potent cytotoxicity with the IC 50 value was 46.09 μg/ml, and it induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase about (51.2%), S phase (30.2), and resulted in a decline in the percentage of G2-M phase. All the compounds were isolated first in the genus Richarda and specie Scabra.
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