A novel,
dual template mediated, one-step direct synthesis route is reported
here for the preparation of nanocrystalline zeolites of different
framework structures (such as ZSM-5, mordenite, and sodalite). In
this synthesis strategy, a suitably designed dicationic/tetra-cationic
soft template was used along with a conventional zeolite structure
director to obtain nanocrystalline zeolites with nanosheet morphology.
Nanocrystalline zeolites exhibited large surface area, pore volume,
and intercrystalline mesopores. The long hydrophobic chain containing
a multiammonium template cooperatively participates in the zeolite
crystallization process along with a conventional microporous zeolite
structure director to form the ultrathin microporous zeolite framework,
while the hydrophobic interaction between the long chains restricted
the excessive growth of zeolites and induced the formation of intercrystalline
mesopores. Nanocrystalline zeolites exhibited exceptionally high activity
in the acid-catalyzed reactions involving large molecules when compared
with conventional zeolites. This synthesis strategy can be extended
for the preparation of zeolites of different framework structures
or other porous materials in the future.
Zr-BDC-MOF and zeolite Beta were entangled to form an efficient catalyst that exhibited excellent activity towards biomass derived liquid γ-valerolactone fuel and coumarin synthesis.
A zirconium metal-organic framework catalyst was synthesized and investigated in the ring opening of epoxides with nucleophiles such as amines, alcohols, and thiophenol. For comparative study, Cu and Zn metal-organic framework catalysts were prepared. The zirconium based porous metal-organic framework catalyst was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, scanning electron microscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic techniques. Application of these catalysts was also investigated in the nucleophilic addition of amines/ thiophenol with activated olefins. Among the catalysts investigated in this study, zirconium metalorganic framework catalysts exhibited the highest activity in these reactions. In this study, systematic assessment of the catalytic activity of zirconium metal-organic framework for a wide range of aromatic and heterocyclic compounds is shown under one umbrella. Catalysts can be easily recovered and reused with negligible loss in the catalytic activity.
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