The most important issue in Personal Communication Services (PCS) is the mobility management. And the efficiency of this PCS system is dependent on the maintenance of a reliable and optimal radio link between the mobile user and the fixed system. When the mobile user moves out of his coverage area, handoff is required to enjoy continuation of services. In this paper, a handoff algorithm termed as Fuzzy controller for Handoff Optimization (FCHO) is introduced based upon fuzzy logic. Traditional algorithms for handoff using fixed values of parameters can perform well only in specific environment but FCHO exploits attractive features of several existing algorithms, and adds more capabilities to provide adaptation to the dynamic environment. Simulation results reveal that the proposed FCHO algorithm eliminates the problem of corner effect by dynamically changing the value of threshold and hysteresis with the change in the RSSI and the velocity of the mobile station.
The progression to next generation networks is replete with abundant co-existing technologies. To comply with the Always Best Connected paradigm, several vertical handover decision approaches have been proposed in literature, using advanced techniques and tools. This paper discusses the application of soft computing techniques in the vertical handover decision making process with emphasis on the state of the art techniques. For a comprehensive evaluation, the algorithms are classified into three sets based on the soft computing technique used namely, Fuzzy Logic, Machine Learning and Evolutionary Algorithms and representative handover algorithms in each group are discussed. These papers are categorized in a well-defined structure to bring out their contribution, to underline the pretermitted notions, and to bring forth the emerging issues for future research. This paper summarizes the Soft Computing concepts and reviews its applications in candidate network selection, QoE enhancement, and reducing the unnecessary handovers.
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