ORIGINAL ARTICLEIn vitro screening and evaluation of some Indian medicinal plants for their potential to inhibit Jack bean and bacterial ureases causing urinary infections Sheema Bai, Pooja Bharti, Leena Seasotiya, Anupma Malik, and Sunita Dalal Department of Biotechnology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India Abstract Context: Bacterial ureases play an important role in pathogenesis of urinary infections. Selection of plants was done on the basis of their uses by the local people for the treatment of various bacterial and urinary infections. Objective: Our investigation screens and evaluates 15 Indian medicinal plants for their possible urease inhibitory activity as well as their ability to inhibit bacteria causing urinary infections. Materials and methods: Plant extracts in three different solvents (methanol, aqueous, and cow urine) were screened for their effect on Jack-bean urease using the phenol-hypochlorite method. Subsequently, seven bacterial strains were screened for their ability to release urease and further antimicrobial-linked urease inhibition activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the tested extracts were evaluated by the agar well diffusion and microdilution method, respectively. Results: Five plants out of 15 crude extracts revealed good urease inhibitory activity (!20% at 1 mg/ml conc.) and IC 50 values for these extracts ranged from 2.77 to 0.70 mg/ml. Further testing of these extracts on urease-producing bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus NCDC 109, S. aureus MTCC 3160, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 4030, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 7453) showed good anti-urease potency with an MIC ranging from 500 to 7.3 mg/ml. Discussion and conclusion: The results of screening as well as susceptibility assay clearly revealed a strong urease inhibitory effect of Acacia nilotica L. (Fabaceae), Emblica officinalis Gaertn. (Phyllanthaceae), Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), Rosa indica L. (Rosaceae), and Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae). Our findings may help to explain the beneficial effect of these plants against infections associated with the urease enzyme.
Two bacterial strains (JC247 T and JC248) were isolated from soil samples collected from Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Colonies of both strains were creamy white. Cells were Gram-stainpositive, rods-to-curved rods (crescent-shaped), and produced centrally located oval-shaped endospores. Major (.5 %) fatty acids of both strains were iso-C 16 : 0 , iso-C 14 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 , C 16 : 1 v11c and C 16 : 0 , with minor (,5 but .1 %) amounts of anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 , iso-C 16 : 1 H, iso-C 17 : 0 , iso-C 18 : 0 , C 14 : 0 , C 17 : 0 , C 18 : 0 , C 18 : 1 v9c, iso-C 17 : 1 v10c and anteiso-C 17 : 0 B/isoI. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were the major polar lipids of both strains. Cell-wall amino acids were Bacillus. Sequence similarity between strain JC247 T and JC248 was 100 %. Distinct morphological, physiological and genotypic differences from previously described taxa support the classification of strains JC247 T and JC248 as representatives of a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus crescens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC247 T (5KCTC 33627 T 5LMG 28608 T ).
Delayed Tc-Tetrofosmin scintigraphy is a highly sensitive and specific method for characterizing solitary thyroid nodules, while color Doppler has a low sensitivity but relatively high specificity in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid lesions.
Aims:The study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, synergistic and β-lactamase inhibitory potential of O. indicum against ampicillin resistant and Extended Spectrum βlactamase (ESBL) producing bacterial strains. Methods: Bacterial strains were screened for ampicillin resistance and ESBL production by disk diffusion method and modified double disc synergy test respectively. Antibacterial and synergistic activities of O. indicum methanol extract and ethyl acetate sub fraction of methanol extract were explored by agar well diffusion method and Checkerboard method
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