Registration number (DOI): Available in https://osf.io/974gb/, https://doi.Abstract Arterial damage of large arteries, addressed as c-f PWV, is recognized as independent predictor for future cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the association of the four hypertension phenotypes with carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity (c-f PWV), in untreated patients. PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies comparing c-f PWV levels between normotensives, sustained hypertensives, white-coat hypertensives (WCH), and masked hypertensives (MH). Meta-analysis was performed to compare the difference c-f PWV levels between these groups. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale for crosssectional studies was used to assess study quality. MH and WCH patients had significantly increased c-f PWV values compared to the normotensive groups (d = 0.96 m/s, 95% CI: 0.49-1.42; I2 = 85%, P < .01 for MH and d = 0.85 m/s, 95% CI: 0.48-1.22; I2 = 89%, for WCH). Moreover, the sustained hypertensive population was found to have significantly increased values of c-f PWV compared to MH (d = −0.70 m/s, 95% CI: −0.87 to −0.54; I2 = 12%, P = .33) but not compared to WCH population (d = −0.75 m/s, 95% CI: −1.52-0.02; I 2 = 96%,). Finally, there was no significant difference between MH and WCH population (d = 0.06 m/s, 95% CI: −1.04 to 1.15; I 2 = 96%,). MH and WCH population may have increased values of c-f PWV compared to the normotensive group. These results demonstrate that these phenotypes are not clinically innocent, in the untreated population.

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Fragility hip fractures have become a worldwide epidemic with serious socioeconomic implications. The projected number of hip fractures by 2050 is estimated to reach 4.5 million cases. The aim of this study was to calculate the in-hospital financial burden on public health insurance funds related to the delayed treatment of hip fractures. This research took place in a tertiary university hospital that is a major trauma center in Thessaloniki, which is second largest city in Greece . A retrospective search was conducted in the electronic hospital database for patients older than 65 years, with low energy hip fractures that were surgically treated between November 18, 2018, and October 20, 2019. Age, length of stay (LOS), days to surgery, postoperative LOS, anticoagulation medication, major and minor complications, and the reimbursement that the hospital received from public health insurance funds were recorded. Cost deviation from the standard tariff for the treatment of these fractures was also calculated. Of a total of 145 patients, 32.4% had early surgery as opposed to 67.6% who were operated after 48 hours from admission. The excess financial burden from the baseline reimbursement for those operated within 48 hours from admission was 4,074.64€, while for the group that received delayed surgery it was 45,654.14€. Patients under any form of anticoagulation therapy were seven times more probable to have delayed surgery [OR=6.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.97-18.18; p<0.01] and were 3.5 times more probable to have minor complications (OR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.19-11.23; p<0.017). Early surgery is beneficial to the patient and reduces the economic burden on healthcare public funds. Every effort should be made to manage these patients in a timely manner.

No abstract

Running is an athletic activity that is increasingly gaining popularity. Despite its benefits, there are many suspected risk factors for running-related overuse injuries. The objective of this study is to describe injuries and clinical symptoms observed on the sole of the foot in runners, giving special attention to the weekly running volume. The literature presented in this narrative review is based on a non-systematic search of the Medline, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate databases and focuses on foot injuries (the full spectrum of the foot pathology from bones to tendons and plantar fascia, nerve, and joint disorders) in runners, which represents an important topic for both professional and recreational runners. The weekly running distance appeared to be one of the strongest predictors for future overuse injuries. Marathon training and average weekly running of over 20 km are possible predictive factors in the development of plantar foot injuries. The plantar medial aspect of the foot is the anatomic area of the foot that most frequently experiences pain, with numerous pathologic conditions. As a result, diagnosis is always a challenging task. The ability to obtain an accurate medical history and carefully perform a physical examination, together with good knowledge of the foot anatomy and kinesiology, are also proven to be key players in ensuring proper diagnosis.