Environmental issues entail both a social conflict (private vs. public interests) and a temporal conflict (short- vs. long-term interests). This paper focuses on the role temporal concerns play in influencing environmental engagement by quantitatively integrating results of studies that assessed the associations between time perspective and proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. The meta-analysis included a total of 19 independent samples and 6,301 participants from seven countries (Australia, Brazil, Germany, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, and the United States). Results showed that the associations between time perspective and proenvironmental behaviors were higher than those for proenvironmental attitudes. Supporting predictions, the associations between future time perspective and proenvironmental behaviors were strong and nontrivial compared to those for the combined past-present time perspective. The findings indicate that future time perspective seems to play an important role in influencing individuals' attitudes and behaviors towards the environment. Implications of the findings for theory and practice are discussed.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer os parâmetros psicométricos de uma versão reduzida da Escala Triangular do Amor. Especificamente, procurou-se reunir evidências de sua validade fatorial e consistência interna no contexto paraibano. Participaram 307 estudantes universitários da cidade de João Pessoa (PB), que mantinham um relacionamento heterossexual estável, com idade média de 23,4 anos (dp = 6,22; amplitude de 17 a 56 anos). A maioria foi do sexo feminino (69,4%) e solteira (73%). Os participantes responderam a Escala Triangular do Amor e perguntas demográficas. Os resultados apoiaram a adequação psicométrica dessa medida, que apresentou três componentes (rotação varimax; explicando 67,7% da variância total), com Alfas de Cronbach satisfatórios: compromisso (α = 0,88), paixão (α = 0,87) e intimidade (α = 0,86). As mulheres pontuaram mais em compromisso do que fizeram os homens. Estes resultados foram discutidos à luz da literatura, confirmando-se a adequação desta medida. Pesquisas futuras foram sugeridas.

Resumo: O presente estudo objetivou investigar as metas de socialização de mães e pais acerca do futuro dos seus filhos. Adicionalmente, pretendeu-se verificar a influência do gênero da criança nas metas traçadas pelas mães e pais e averiguar a concepção destes acerca do papel que devem desempenhar para que as metas se realizem. Participaram 26 casais residentes na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba. Os participantes responderam a uma entrevista semi-estruturada. As entrevistas foram gravadas, transcritas e, posteriormente, analisadas em categorias. Verificou-se que as metas de socialização referentes à categoria auto-aperfeiçoamento e expectativas sociais prevaleceram nos relatos dos participantes, sendo que os pais apresentaram mais expectativas sociais para os meninos. No que se refere às estratégias de ação, observou-se maior menção, por parte dos participantes, a estratégias centradas em si. As implicações destes resultados para o conhecimento na área do desenvolvimento infantil e familiar são discutidas e futuras pesquisas sugeridas.Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento infantil, socialização, pais, gênero. Parents socialization goals and action strategiesAbstract: This study aimed to investigate mothers and fathers socialization goals about the future of their children. Additionally, it aimed to evaluate a child's gender influence in the goals outlined by the parents and, also, investigate their conceptions about the role they must play for these goals to be accomplished. In this study, 26 couples participated, all residents in João Pessoa city, Paraíba, Brazil. They answered a semi-structured interview about socialization goals. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and later analyzed according to the categories. It was verified that the socialization goals for self-improvement and social expectation categories prevailed in the accounts of the participants, although fathers had more social expectation towards boys. Regarding action strategies, there was a higher number of verbalizations related to self centered strategies. The implications of these findings to child development and family studies are discussed and future research is suggested.Keywords: child development, socialization, parents, gender. Objetivos de socialización y estrategias para la acción materna y paternaResumen: El presente estudio investigó las metas de socialización y estrategias de acción de padres y madres sobre el futuro de sus hijos. Además, se pretendió verificar la influencia del sexo del niño en las metas establecidas por las madres y los padres y la concepción de estos sobre el papel que deben desempeñar para que estas metas se realicen. Participaron 26 parejas residentes en la ciudad de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Éstos respondieron a una entrevista semi-estructurada. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas de acuerdo a categorías. Se constató que las categorías auto-perfeccionamiento y expectativa social prevalecieron en los relatos, y que los padres tenían más expectativa social para con los niños. También...

RESUMO -O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal conhecer evidências de validade fatorial e consistência interna do Questionário de Metas de Realização para o contexto brasileiro. Complementarmente, procurou avaliar em que medida as pontuações nesse instrumento se correlacionam com indicadores de desempenho escolar. Participaram da pesquisa 307 estudantes do ensino médio de duas escolas públicas (68%) e uma particular (32%) da cidade de João Pessoa. Esses tinham idade média de 17,6 anos (DP=3,94), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (61,2%). Os resultados da análise de Componentes Principais indicaram a pertinência de assumir uma estrutura multifatorial, com quatro componentes teorizados de metas: aprendizagemaproximação, aprendizagem-evitação, execução-aproximação e execução-evitação. Esses componentes foram corroborados por meio de análises fatoriais confirmatórias, que testaram diferentes modelos alternativos. As metas de aprendizagem-aproximação caracterizaram a maioria dos participantes e suas pontuações foram positivamente correlacionadas com o desempenho escolar. Esses resultados foram discutidos tomando em conta a literatura acerca das metas de realização.Palavras-chave: metas; realização; motivação; desempenho escolar; questionário. Achievement Goals among High School Students: Evidences of Factorial Validity and Internal Consistency of a MeasureABSTRACT -The present study aimed at knowing evidences of factorial validity and internal consistency of the Achievement Goals Questionnaire to the Brazilian milieu. Moreover, it attempted to evaluate to what extent the scores on this instrument correlate themselves with indicators of scholar performance. The participants were 307 high school students from two public schools (68%) and one private school (32%), from João Pessoa city. Their mean age was 17.6 (SD=3.94), and the most of them were female (61.2%). Results of the Principal Components analysis suggested a multi-factor structure, with four theorized components of goals: mastery-approach, mastery-avoidance, performance-approach, and performance-avoidance. All components were corroborated by confirmatory factor analyses, which tested different alternative models. The masteryapproach goals described most of the participants, and their scores were positively correlated with scholar performance. These findings were discussed based on the literature about achievement goals.Keywords: goals; achievement; motivation; scholar performance; questionnaire. No processo de ensino-aprendizagem, o aspecto motivacional parece crucial (Covington, 2000). Embora contribua a motivação do professor para ensinar, talvez mais fundamental seja o empenho dos alunos em aprender e as estratégias adotadas com tal finalidade. Um construto importante nesse contexto diz respeito à orientação à meta, isto é, o motivo básico que leva os indivíduos a demonstrarem competência ou realização. A orientação à meta, ou simplesmente meta de realização, tem despertado o interesse de pesquisadores da Educação e Psicologia (Dowson & McInerney, 20...

<p>Environmental problems are a result of maladaptive human behaviour. One way to tackle these problems is by fostering values that underlie pro-environmental engagement. Research has shown that self-transcendence values (e.g., social justice, equality, and world at peace) are positively correlated to environmental attitudes and behaviours. The present research aims to advance past research by systematically assessing the role of values in motivating individuals’ pro-environmental engagement. Three empirical studies were conducted. Study 1 used a meta-analytical approach to provide a quantitative summary of research on the link between values and environmental outcomes. The final dataset included 47,660 participants from 41 countries and 90 independent samples. Results showed that the self-transcendence versus self-enhancement values dimension is the most often considered in the literature and, as expected, self-transcendence values are the best predictors of environmental outcomes. The analysis also showed that methodological aspects, such as the type of values measured, affected the association between values and environmental outcomes. Study 2 comprised two experiments using the value self-confrontation technique to promote value change and influence individuals’ environmental behavioural intentions. Experiment 1 was conducted with 189 university students (M = 20.00, SD = 3.43). Results from Experiment 1 showed that values were susceptible to change and that value change predicted environmental behavioural intentions. Experiment 2 was conducted with a sample of 115 participants from the general population (M = 35.00, SD = 4.61) and partially replicated the findings of Experiment 1. Importantly, Experiment 2 found that value change was dependent on how strongly individuals felt connected to the reference group. Study 3 tested the moderation effect of moral identity, self-efficacy, self-control and consideration of future consequences in the link between values and environmental behavioural intentions. A total of 221 participants (M = 21.68; SD = 5.92) took part in an online survey. Results indicated that only moral identity moderated the relationship between values and environmental behavioural intentions. It was found that moral identity enhanced the positive influence of self-transcendence values on environmental behavioural intentions. Findings are discussed considering the key role of self-transcendence values in fostering environmental behavioural intentions and the importance of identity in the values-environmental behavioural intentions link. Practical implications of the findings are also discussed.  Note: This thesis was a finalist for the Outstanding Postgraduate Research Award.</p>