R E S U M OObjetivou-se, com trabalho, avaliar a pós-colheita de clones de cacaueiros produzidos na região litorânea do norte do Espírito Santo, quanto às características físicas e químicas de seus frutos. As caracterizações físicas e químicas foram realizadas a partir de 10 frutos referentes a sete clones de cacau (CCN 10, CCN 51, CEPEC 2002, PH 15, PH 16, OS 1319 e TSH 1188. Foram avaliados o peso total, diâmetro e comprimento do fruto, peso da casca, espessura do sulco e da região mais espessa da casca, número, peso seco, largura, espessura e comprimento das amêndoas, sólidos solúveis totais (SST), acidez total titulável (ATT), pH da polpa e relação SST/ATT. As médias obtidas foram agrupadas pelo teste de Scott-Knott a 0,05 de probabilidade; em seguida, procedeu-se à análise da divergência genética. Foi observada a presença de divergência genética entre as populações estudadas ocorrendo a formação de três grupos pelo método de Tocher e dois grupos quando aplicado o Unweighted Pair-Group Method Average (UPGMA). Os clones CCN 10 e CCN 51 são os mais indicados para a produção de amêndoas e as variáveis, referentes ao tamanho do fruto, comprimento e diâmetro, foram as que mais contribuíram na diversidade genética dos genótipos.

Adventitious rooting of wild passionflower Passiflora mucronata Lam. cuttings: vehiculation ways and concentrations of indole-3-butyric acidPassiflora mucronata Lam. is an ornamental, medicinal plant and resistant to bacterial blight on leaves. In addition, it is highly resistant to anthracnose in fruits and branches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the vehicultaion way, liquid or solid, and concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on adventitious rooting of P. mucronatacuttings. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a 2x5factorial design (IBA vehiculation ways: liquid and solid x IBA concentrations: 0; 250; 500; 750 and 1000 mg L -1 for liquid or mg Kg -1 for solid), with four replicates with 16 cuttings each. The characteristics evaluated were rooting (%), root number, longest root length (cm), root volume (cm 3 ) and dry weight of root (g). It was found that the rooting of P. mucronata Lam. does not depend on the way IBA is conveyed, solid or liquid, but the quality of the root system, evaluated by means of the number, volume and dry mass of roots was superior to the one achieved whensolid IBA was used. The behavior of rooting, number and length of roots increased linearly up to the maximum concentration of IBA (1000 mg L -1 or mg Kg -1 ).

Genetic divergence among accesses of "cajazinho" (Spondias mombin L.) in the North of Espírito Santo State, BrazilThe study of genetic diversity is a fundamental tool in plant breeding programs, providing important information on characterization, conservation and utilization of the genetic resources available. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of 35 cajazinho genotypes (Spondias mombin L.), based on physical and chemical characteristics of fruits. The study evaluated 35 cajazinho genotypes (S. mombin L.) in the north of Espírito Santo. The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design wit 35 treatments and five repetitions to investigate genetic variability among the genotypes of S. mombin. Data were subjected to analysis of variance. Genetic diversity was foung among the S. mombin L. progenies, being the most divergent the progenie C 3. Both the Tocher optimization and UPGMA were partially concordant with the formation of heterotic groups of S. mombin L. progenies; the characteristics that most contributed to the genetic divergence were total titrable acidity (33.33%), fruit weight (28.68%) and the polar diameter (9.80%). Divergência genética entre acessos de cajazinho (Spondias mombin L.) no norte do Espírito SantoO estudo da diversidade genética proporciona informações fundamentais, nos programas de melhoramento gené-tico de plantas, em relação à caracterização, conservação e utilização dos recursos genéticos disponíveis. Objetivouse, com este trabalho, avaliar a divergência genética entre 35 acessos de cajazinho (Spondias mombin L.), com base em características físicas e químicas dos frutos. Os acessos foram selecionados nos municípios de Linhares e Sooretama, Região norte do Espírito Santo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variação entre e dentro dos 35 acessos, dispostos em cinco repetições de um fruto, totalmente ao acaso, para investigar a variabilidade genética entre os acessos de S. mombin. Existe divergência genética entre os acessos de S. mombin L., sendo C.3 o mais divergente. Os métodos de otimização de Tocher e o hierárquico UPGMA foram parcialmente concordantes quanto à formação dos grupos heteróticos de progênies de S. mombin L. As características que mais contribuíram para a divergência genética foram acidez total titulável (33,33%), peso de fruto (28,68%) e o diâmetro polar (9,80%). Palavras-chave:características físicas e químicas, análise multivariada, UPGMA, Tocher.

Passiflora mucronata Lam. is resistant to Fusarim oxysporum f. passifloraceae and therefore can be used as rootstock for the species Passiflora edulis Sims. f. flavicarpa. The rootstocks in this case can be vegetatively propagated through cuttings. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of cuttings and different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) on the adventitious rooting of P. mucronata. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications of 16 cuttings each. In Experiment 1, the treatments consisted of the different types of cuttings from mother plants grown in protected environment: shoot tips; two leaves and two nodes; one leaf and one node; leafless with two nodes; leafless with one node. In Experiment 2, the cuttings were taken from field plants and treated with the following IBA concentrations: 0; 1000 mg kg-1 (0.0036456 mol L-1); 1500 mg kg-1 (0.0054684 mol L-1) and 2000 mg kg-1 (0.0072912 mol L-1). The characteristics evaluated in the experiments 1 and 2 were: survival (1 and 2); budding (1 and 2); shoot number (2), shoot length (2), number of shoot leaves (2);shoot dry mass (2); callusing (1); rooting (1 and 2); root number (1 and 2), largest root length (1 and 2), root volume (1 and 2), and root dry mass (1 and 2). We found that, instead the shoot tips, the cuttings of the type leafless with two nodes are the best for P. mucronata rooting. Neither the cuttings from greenhouse plants nor the cuttings from field plants require growth regulators for rooting of P. mucronata cuttings of the type leafless with two nodes.

Resumo: As estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade têm sido utilizadas no estudo de caracteres de várias espécies, auxiliando na definição do número e do período adequado de avaliações dos genótipos para maior eficiência dos programas de melhoramento. Assim, objetivou-se com o presente trabalho estimar o coeficiente de repetibilidade de variáveis físicas e químicas de frutos de Spondias mombin L., bem como determinar o número de medidas a serem feitas para uma predição do valor real das progênies. Foram utilizadas trinta e cinco progênies de Spondias mombin L., identificadas em três áreas, no norte do Espírito Santo, onde se avaliou as variáveis físicas e químicas de frutos. Os coeficientes de repetibilidade foram obtidos pelos seguintes métodos: análise de variância e análise multivariada. O número de cinco frutos por planta é o indicado para predizer o valor real das progênies para: peso de fruto, acidez total titulável, razão entre sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável, diâmetro polar, diâmetro equatorial e peso de polpa. As variáveis a seguir citadas apresentaram maiores coeficientes de repetibilidade: peso de fruto, acidez total titulável e razão entre sólidos solúveis totais e acidez total titulável. Foram constatadas pequenas diferenças entre as estimativas dos coeficientes de repetibilidade obtidos pelo método da análise de variância e pelo método de análise multivariada. Palavras-chave:Spondias mombin L. Qualidade de fruto. Seleção. Melhoramento genético. Abstract:Estimates of the coefficient of repeatability are used when studying the characteristics of various species, helping to determine the number and appropriate period for evaluation of genotypes to increase efficiency in breeding programs. The aim therefore was to estimate the coefficient of repeatability for the physical and chemical characteristics of fruit of Spondias mombin L., and determine the number of measurements to be taken for a prediction of the actual value in the progeny. Thirty-five progeny of Spondias mombin L. were used, identified in three areas in the north of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in which the physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit were evaluated. The coefficients of repeatability were obtained using methods of variance analysis and multivariate analysis. A number of five fruits per plant is shown to predict the real value for the progeny of fruit weight, total titratable acidity, ratio of total soluble solids to total titratable acidity, fruit polar diameter, fruit equatorial diameter and pulp weight. The characteristics of fruit weight, total titratable acidity and ratio of total soluble solids to total titratable acidity, showed the greatest coefficients of repeatability. Small differences were found between the estimates for the coefficients of repeatability obtained with the methods of variance analysis and multivariate analysis.

Passiflora foetida L. has broad utility as a medicinal and ornamental plant; however, information regarding varieties and the physiological potential of their seeds are scarce. Here, we aim to evaluate in vitro and ex vitro germination behaviour and to adapt tetrazolium methodology for P. foetida var. glaziovii Killip. The botanical identification and characterisation were performed through the observation of morphological characters and consultation of the relevant literature. Ex vitro germination was performed on rolled and flat Germitest paper at continuous (25 °C) and alternating (20 and 30 °C; night and day, respectively) temperatures. Seeds with the completely removed integument were used for in vitro germination and tetrazolium tests. The in vitro germination test was performed with MS medium using seeds conditioned under different light qualities (white, red, far-red or darkness) and at two temperature regimes (25 °C; 20 and 30 °C alternating temperature). For the tetrazolium test, seeds were soaked in different concentrations of tetrazolium salt (2.5, 5.0, 7.5 or 10 g L -1 ) at different temperatures (30, 35, 40 or 45 °C) for two hours in the dark. This is the first record of P. foetida var. glaziovii, a wild herbaceous vine with glandular trichomes on its leaves, bracts and stipules; fruit bacoid, elliptic, glabrous, in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. The seeds are small (approximately 4.87 mm long and 2.15 mm wide) and non-photoblastic, and in vitro germination must be performed using an alternating temperature (20 and 30 °C) regime. The best result of germination was achieved using a concentration-temperature combination of 10 g L -1 tetrazolium and 30 °C.