Background: Psoriasis is a chronic inflammation of the skin caused by combination of genetic, immune and environmental factors. The Vitamin D receptors alongside with plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) level have known to be related with psoriasis. Vitamin D receptor polymorphism is one of the multiple polymorphisms that predispose individuals to several diseases. It is possible that this polymorphism is different among psoriatic patients and healthy one particularly in Medan, Indonesia population. Objective: We aimed to investigate associations between plasma level of 25(OH)D and one VDR gene polymorphism (A-1012G) with psoriasis.Methods: Fourty four psoriatic patients and 44 healthy control subjects’ DNA samples were obtained in this case control study and genotyped for A-1012G polymorphism by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The plasma vitamin D (25(OH)D) level of case and control subjects were examined using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).Results: Significant lower plasma 25(OH)D levels were found in control group (p<0.001) which consist of mostly young adult female. There is no significant relationship between AA, AG and GG genotype variances of A-1012G polymorphism with psoriasis (p=0.124).Conclusion: No significant association found between A-1012G polymorphism and psoriasis but there was a significant difference found between vitamin D level and psoriasis (p<0.001). From this study, vitamin D deficiency were more common in young adult female
Recurrent aphtous stomatitisis a recurrent oral ulcer. Clinically recurrent aphtous stomatitis is easy to diagnose, but its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear because it has no single or specific cause. The main predisposing factors associated with recurrent aphtous stomatitis are genetic factors, hematological and immunologic abnormalities, local factors such as trauma, and smoking cessation. Several studies have shown that hematological abnormalities can affect the oral mucosa and cause recurrent aphtous stomatitis. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and iron deficiency anemia, as well as the relationship between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and hematological status. The subjects consist of 59 recurrent aphtous stomatitis patients and 60 control patients. A full blood examination was carried out for all subjects. Hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and serum iron level are determined for each subject.The result of this study showed that there is no significant difference in hemoglobin level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and serum iron level with p-value of 0.714, 0.395, 0.809, 0.497, and 0.368, respectively. The result also showed that there is no significant difference in iron deficiency anemia status between the recurrent aphtous stomatitis and control group (p = 0,7). Therefore, it can be concluded that there is no relationship between iron deficiency anemia and recurrent aphtous stomatitis incidence.
Abstract-Cigarette smoking can be described as an activity where a person is enjoying the nicotine smoke produced from the burning tobacco. It contains 4800 chemical substances that are harmful to the body such as nicotine, tar, and carbon monoxide, which then cause changes to the oral cavity. One of the changes is the increase of candida colony count that will lead to abnormal alterations of the oral cavity such as candidiasis. The aim of this study was to find the relationship between cigarette smoking and candida colony count in dental student at Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sumatera Utara using analytic method with cross sectional approach. The study was conducted at Faculty of Dentistry University of Sumatera Utara and Microbiology Laboratory Faculty of Maths and Sciences University of Sumatera Utara on 57 male active smokers. Questionnaire was given to the subjects to gain information about smoking habits and swabs from dorsal of the tongue were examined. The data was statistically analysed using chisquare and p value <0,05 considered as statistically significant. The results showed that subjects were mostly found to be in age group range 17-25 years old. Duration of smoking mostly found was ≥6 years. Number of cigarettes mostly smoked was >10 cigarettes per day. The type of cigarette mostly smoked was filtered-cigarette. Cigarette exposure time mostly found was >15 cigaretteyears. There was a significant relationship between candida colony count and number of cigarettes smoked (p=0,029), but not with duration of smoking (p=0,326). There was also significant relationship between candida colony count and cigarette exposure time (p=0,001), but not with the type of cigarette consumed (p=0,951). The conclusions are both number of cigarettes smoked and cigarette exposure time have significant relationships with candida colony count whereas duration of smoking and type of cigarette did not have significant relationships with candida colony count.
Abstract-Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disease characterized by regular, round or oval, painful ulcers with an erythematous border that recur on a regular basis on the nonkeratinized oral mucosae such as labial, buccal, alveolar, and ventral tongue mucosa. Different etiologies and mechanisms have been postulated, resulting in identification of a variety of predisposing factors. A variety of underlying disorders may predispose patients to develop RAS; they include iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is defined as a reduction in total body iron to an extent that iron stores are fully exhausted and some more degree of tissue iron deficiency is present. The aim of this review is therefore to discuss the relationship between RAS and iron deficiency anemia. IDA should be suspected in every case of RAS when no other obvious causes are identified. These findings are believed to be cause by the impaired cellular immunity, deficient bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, inadequate antibody response, and epithelial abnormalities attributed to iron lack. RAS is a multifactorial disease with one of the common suspected etiology is IDA. Hence routine hematological examination may be carried out in RAS patients.
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