In this study, conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), is used as a matrix for the entrapment of glucose oxidase (GOD) and served as the working electrode for sensing glucose. The monomer, EDOT, is electropolymerized onto the platinum electrode by the cyclic voltammetric (CV) technique, scanned between 0.2 and 1.2 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/saturated KCl) in a phosphate buffer solution (PBS) containing GOD, which is entrapped into the PEDOT film simultaneously. The biosensor senses the reoxidative current of the mediator, ferricinium ions, with a constant applied potential of 0.35 V in the sensing system containing a phosphate buffer solution, ferricinium ions, and glucose. The indirect electrochemical method can efficiently reduce the sensing potential of the glucose. The sensing results show that the linear range of the calibration curve for the glucose concentration lies between 0.1 and 10.0 mM, which is a suitable level in the human body. Besides, the limit of detection and sensing sensitivity on glucose for the biosensor are 0.13 mM and 12.42 mA cm À2 M À1 , respectively. The response time of the biosensor, which is defined as the reaction current reaching 95% of the steady-state current, is about 4 -10 s. In the aspects of interferences on ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA), the sensing currents increased about 9.7% and 39.1%, respectively, when compared to the sensing current of glucose. Moreover, the biosensor shows a good stability in which the sensing current of the electrode retains 80% of its original one over a period of 18 days.
Back-illuminated dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) based on a flexible TiO 2 /Ti foil photoanode and a high transparent platinum counter electrode (Pt-CE) has been developed by using a net-like Pt-CE and a relatively low annealing temperature (120 °C) for the preparation of a binder-free TiO 2 paste. The TiO 2 /Ti foil photoanode was annealed at various temperatures (120, 250, 350, and 450 °C). Solar-to-electricity efficiencies (η) of 4.34, 3.72, and 3.40% were obtained for the DSSCs with TiO 2 /Ti photoanodes annealed at 350, 250, and 120 °C, respectively, which are comparable to the value of 4.33% obtained at 450 °C. The DSSC with Ti foil as working substrate shows better performance (η ) 3.40%) than that of a DSSC with indium tin oxide (ITO)/ polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) as the substrate (2.08%), both prepared through a low-temperature fabrication process (120 °C). The η is further improved to 4.77% at 350 °C by using a net-like Pt-CE. Explanations are substantiated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and transmission spectral studies.
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