The analysis of gases dissolved in oil has been used as a diagnostic tool for many years to determine the condition of transformers. The criteria used in evaluating dissolved gas-in-oil data are reviewed. The criteria are based on experience from failed transformers, transformers with incipient faults, laboratory simulations, and statistical studies. The interpretation of results is enhanced by including specific information on a particular transformer, including its history. Comparison of a particular transformer of concern with a population of similar transformers provides additional information as regards “normal” gassing behavior. The interpretation of dissolved gas-in-oil data is not a simple matter and requires the integration of numerous criteria. Diagnostic gases for silicone fluids are also discussed.
This paper provides a review of two specifications for electrical insulating mineral oils by ASTM and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). The physical, electrical, and chemical properties of these fluids are specified for use in electric apparatus such as transformers. The specified test methods are compared and their differences are presented. Some properties of commercial oils are shown.
The Nelson field gas-lift completions were designed to optimize production, enhance safety and reliability, and minimize well-maintenance costs. The completions are of a near-monobore design and include an annular safety system, which is regarded as a major safety benefit during gas lift. The single-trip completions were batch installed in eight high-angle (up to 70·) predrilled wells. This paper presents details of the completion design and the approach taken to planning and installing the completions. The paper also describes the use of a novel technique for perforating the platform wells with wireline guns.
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