The article discusses the issues of safety of operation of road and rail transport infrastructure objects in mining areas. In particular, the fol-lowing issues were discussed: the general characteristics of the mining deformations of the rock mass and the terrain surface, the impact of continuous and discontinuous deformations on the safety of the opera-tion of land transport infrastructure facilities and reinforcements of land transport infrastructure structures in mining areas.
Examples of land transport structure reinforcements situated within the reach of mining influences are given.
Selected methods of constructing special inserts in the transition zones between the embankment of the railway track and the engineering object (bridge, viaduct, or culvert) were discussed. The purpose of mounting the designed inserts is to eliminate the so-called threshold effect, i.e. continuously creating a mild change in the stiffness of the ground under the track. In addition to the solutions presented in practice, attention was also paid to projects developed by the authors of this article. The results of experimental research constituting the basis for the development of some solutions are also given.
The subject of the article are problems of safety in the operation of earth structures designed for vehicle traffic in the conditions of threats of loss of stability. In particular, the following issues were discussed: design and construction of embankments on weak, marshy soil, safety of earth structures in floodplains, safety of earth structures in landslide areas, earth structures located in areas of mining damage.
Examples of solutions to particular problems are given. The summary contains statements of utilitarian and cognitive significance.
NTRODUCTIONSoil steel structures are engineering objects used as bridge structures: flyovers, footbridges, culverts, tunnels, underpasses, access roads and passages for wild animals. Many of them are used as municipal facilities, usually they are closed ducts (pipes) or they can be used for transport, e.g. conveyor casings. They are built-in and have a form of a shell covered with specially condensed soil. They are designed in such a way that they are durable thanks to the beneficial cooperation between the main elements of Abstract:The purpose of this article is to provide examples of models used in ground and shell design in engineering facilities made using corrugated sheets, such as roads and rail. Despite the small size of culverts designed for transport use, sophisticated computational models are applied to faithfully reproduce them. To calculate internal forces and displacements resulting from the utility load, spatial 3D models with a very large number of elements are used. The paper discusses simplified 2D models allowing to accurately represent an object and its operation. The focus is on discussing three ways of discretization of a shell in the form of: corrugated metal, rod mesh and orthotropic shell.
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