BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a disease described as a neurodevelopmental disorder as the impairment of social and communication functions. Life of the people with ASD depends on the early introduction of intensive therapeutic programmes, modifying the undesirable behaviours, and aimed at teaching social and communication skills.AimsThe goal of the present work is to estimation the functioning of families with an ASD child and compare it to the functioning of families with children not diagnosed with ASD.MethodsThe study was performed using Flexibility and Cohesion Evaluation Scales. The study included 70 parents of ASD children, and 70 parents with children without diagnosed ASD, as the control group.ResultsThe parents of children with autism achieve lower results in the Balanced Cohesion sub-scale than the control group. Also, the parents of ASD children obtained higher scores in the Disengaged sub-scale than the control group.ConclusionsThe results of this papers can suggesting the risk of the appearance of a disturbed family system, functioning in families with children with ASD, which should be a trigger for providing these families with early family functioning diagnosis and consequent support and therapy.
There are numerous factors that determine the sense of happiness and level of depression in caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The aim of this paper is to evaluate happiness and depression in/among families with an ASD child and compare with families with neurotypical children. The study included 182 participants. The participants answered questions for two questionnaires:Beck Depression Inventory and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire. The outcome of the study identified significant differences for sense of happiness and level of depression among the parents of children with ASD compared with the parents of neurotypical children.It was shown that parents of children with ASD reported a lower sense of happiness and a higher level of depression compared to the parents of neurotypical children. They also showed a significantly higher level of depression relative to the decreased level of happiness.Moreover, parents who have a university education degree and a child with ASD showed a higher sense of happiness and a lower level of depression than parents who had a secondary education degree, in the studied groups.
Introduction: Isolation of two compounds, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), contributed to an increased interest in the use of marijuana for medicinal purposes. It was then that research on the effects of marijuana on the course of different diseases began. Aim: The aim of this paper was to analyse the use of cannabinoids in the treatment of children with autism spectrum disorder. Results: There are different methods for cannabinoid administration. Researchers use various preparations with doses ranging between 0.04 mg to 900 mg. Preliminary studies are conducted on animal models, usually in genetically modified mice. Cannabinoids have been found to have a positive effect on social and emotional behaviours of children, as well as to show anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects. Cannabidiol plays an important role in the secretion of vasopressin and oxytocin. Some patients experience adverse effects. Antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects have been observed in patients with neurological and mental disorders. Conclusions: Cannabinoid therapy is not the standard of care in children with autism spectrum disorders, and the doses used vary significantly. There is evidence for the positive effects of cannabinoids in patients with comorbidities. It is possible that cannabinoids have an anxiolytic effect and allow for a reduced use of antipsychotics in the analysed group of patients. Antidepressant and anticonvulsant effects have also been observed. Furthermore, it was shown that CBDs administered in mice with Dravet syndrome improve social behaviour, dysfunction of which is one of the central symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.
Introduction Autism is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with unknown etiopathogenesis. The clinical picture of every child with autism is different. The spectrum of symptoms includes a number of characteristic features that the patient manifests. Patients often have the problem of coexisting disorders. Difficulties in communication often make it difficult to diagnose. Hence the strictly individualized rehabilitation program, which should be tailored to the needs and preferences of the patient. Effective therapy should be carried out, taking into account the patient’s motivation and pleasure. Aim A systematic review of publications for the most commonly used therapies in the rehabilitation of patients with autism and their effectiveness confirmed scientifically. Material and methods A review of the literature on the PubMed search engine has been made since 2000. Search terms used: ‘autism’, ‘ASD’, ‘therapy’, ‘physiotherapy’, ‘rehabilitation’. Results Among the articles found in the PubMed search after entering keywords, it can be stated that the majority of publications concerned alternative medicine, especially animal therapy. Others have also appeared, e.g. manual therapy, martial arts, acupuncture, choreotherapy or music therapy. Conclusions Children with autism spectrum disorders require constant rehabilitation. The form it takes depends individually on the patient’s current state. The chosen therapy may affect one deficit aspect of the child, but not improve another, for which the next treatment is required to improve. Analysis of the publication, however, indicates the positive impact of rehabilitation in children with autism.
Wstęp. Spektrum autyzmu (ASD) jako silnie heterogeniczne, neurorozwojowe zaburzenie, dotyczy defi cytów w społecznej komunikacji oraz ograniczonych, powtarzających się wzorcach zachowania, zainteresowania i aktywności. Cel badania. Ocena poziomu wiedzy dotyczącej objawów autyzmu wśród studentów polskich uczelni. Materiał. W przeprowadzonym badaniu wzięło udział 446 studentów polskich uczelni wyższych z kierunków pedagogicznych (275 badanych), medycznych (109 osób) i innych (62 osoby). Grupę badaną stanowiło 410 kobiet i 36 mężczyzn w wieku od 18 do 59 lat (średnia wieku 23,92). Metody. W badaniu użyto kwestionariusz KCAHW (Knowledge About Childhood Autism Among Health Workers) w polskiej wersji językowej, w celu określenia poziomu świadomości autyzmu. Wyniki. Wykazano, że badani studenci kierunków medycznych (w tym fi zjoterapii) osiągają niższe wyniki niż studenci kierunków pedagogicznych. Jednocześnie studenci innych kierunków (takich jak dietetyka) osiągają niższe wyniki niż studenci kierunków medycznych oraz pedagogicznych. Dowiedziono, że studenci kierunków medycznych osiągają niższe wyniki niż studenci kierunków artystycznych oraz pedagogicznych. Wnioski. Poziom wiedzy o autyzmie wśród studentów polskich uczelni można uznać za niewystarczający. Zwłaszcza wśród studentów kierunków medycznych, czyli wśród przyszłych pracowników związanych bezpośrednio z diagnozą, leczeniem i terapią autyzmu.
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