Wireless sensor networks have been shown to be a cost-effective monitoring tool for many applications on civil structures. Strain cycle monitoring for fatigue life assessment of railway bridges, however, is still a challenge since it is data intensive and requires a reliable operation for several weeks or months. In addition, sensing with electrical resistance strain gauges is expensive in terms of energy consumption. The induced reduction of battery lifetime of sensor nodes increases the maintenance costs and reduces the competitiveness of wireless sensor networks. To overcome this drawback, a signal conditioning hardware was designed that is able to significantly reduce the energy consumption. Furthermore, the communication overhead is reduced to a sustainable level by using an embedded data processing algorithm that extracts the strain cycles from the raw data. Finally, a simple software triggering mechanism that identifies events enabled the discrimination of useful measurements from idle data, thus increasing the efficiency of data processing. The wireless monitoring system was tested on a railway bridge for two weeks. The monitoring system demonstrated a good reliability and provided high quality data.
Attention-based neural speech recognition models are frequently decoded with beam search, which produces a tree of hypotheses. In many cases, such as when using external language models, numerous decoding hypotheses need to be considered, requiring large beam sizes during decoding. We demonstrate that it is possible to merge certain nodes in a tree of hypotheses, in order to obtain a decoding lattice, which increases the number of decoding hypotheses without increasing the number of candidates that are scored by the neural network. We propose a convolutional architecture, which facilitates comparing states of the model at different pi The experiments are carried on the Wall Street Journal dataset, where the lattice decoder obtains lower word error rates with smaller beam sizes, than an otherwise similar architecture with regular beam search.
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