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In the article entitled “Special state in substantive administrative law (concept outline)” the authors undertake considerations aimed at preliminary and general outlining of the concept of the special state as a (new) institution of substantive administrative law and its relation to constitutional states of emergency. The conducted analysis, taking into account examples of specific statutory solutions, made it possible to define the special state as an institution regulated in terms of content and form in the generally applicable substantive administrative law, which, as part of ordinary constitutional legal and administrative measures, initiated collectively through the legal form of administrative actions, restricts the freedoms and rights or creates obligations of a generally specified group of entities – distinguished due to the objective criterion relating to a specific situation – in order to counteract the related to this situation, expected or existing threat to safety, order or public health.
The article discusses the legal and administrative regulations regarding the prevention and control of infectious diseases. The author puts forward and justifies the thesis that the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus epidemic (COVID-19 disease) has exposed significant imperfections (and partly deficiencies) of the above-mentioned regulations, and at the same time revealed the effects of – sometimes insufficient – theoretical reflection on administrative law and the methods of reception of its assumptions and theoretical structures into the provisions of this law. Against this background, particular attention was paid to the construction of the special state as a (separate and independent) institution of material administrative law, as well as to issues concerning, inter alia, administrative regulations, general administrative acts, administrative enforcement of non-pecuniary obligations, administrative proceedings, criminal-administrative law, and social (digital) exclusion in administrative law. The considerations are summed up by the statement that administrative law – both in practical and theoretical terms – has turned out to be insufficiently prepared for an epidemic of an infectious disease in general, and even more so for an epidemic of a scale such as that caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus.
The main cause of the development of metabolic syndrome seems to be an imbalance of calorie intake and energy expenditure. However genetic and epigenetic factors, sedentary lifestyle, poor food quality, and disturbances in gut microbiota also play a major role. There is no single effective method of treatment for metabolic syndrome. Dietary therapy and an increase in physical activity along with pharmacological treatment are not fully effective to recommend them as a therapy for metabolic syndrome. Today, modern bariatric-metabolic procedures such as laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy or single anastomosis gastric bypass give the best chances of successful resolution of metabolic syndrome.
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